<!--Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [title] => Gabriela Schlau-Cohen: Illuminating Photosynthesis
            [url] => https://betterworld.mit.edu/gabriela-schlau-cohen-illuminating-photosynthesis/
            [image] => Array
                (
                    [ID] => 21834
                    [id] => 21834
                    [title] => MIT-Gabriela-Schlau-Cohen-01-press
                    [filename] => MIT-Gabriela-Schlau-Cohen-01-press.jpg
                    [filesize] => 768276
                    [url] => https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/MIT-Gabriela-Schlau-Cohen-01-press.jpg
                    [link] => https://betterworld.mit.edu/gabriela-schlau-cohen-illuminating-photosynthesis/mit-gabriela-schlau-cohen-01-press/
                    [alt] => MIT associate professor of chemistry Gabriela Schlau-Cohen uses ultrafast spectroscopy to capture dynamic processes such as the transfer of energy between photosynthetic proteins and pigments.
                    [author] => 24
                    [description] => 
                    [caption] => MIT associate professor of chemistry Gabriela Schlau-Cohen uses ultrafast spectroscopy to capture dynamic processes such as the transfer of energy between photosynthetic proteins and pigments.
                    [name] => mit-gabriela-schlau-cohen-01-press
                    [status] => inherit
                    [uploaded_to] => 21833
                    [date] => 2023-03-14 15:43:34
                    [modified] => 2023-03-14 15:43:56
                    [menu_order] => 0
                    [mime_type] => image/jpeg
                    [type] => image
                    [subtype] => jpeg
                    [icon] => https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-includes/images/media/default.png
                    [width] => 2000
                    [height] => 1333
                    [sizes] => Array
                        (
                            [thumbnail] => https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/MIT-Gabriela-Schlau-Cohen-01-press-150x150.jpg
                            [thumbnail-width] => 150
                            [thumbnail-height] => 150
                            [medium] => https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/MIT-Gabriela-Schlau-Cohen-01-press-300x200.jpg
                            [medium-width] => 300
                            [medium-height] => 200
                            [medium_large] => https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/MIT-Gabriela-Schlau-Cohen-01-press-768x512.jpg
                            [medium_large-width] => 768
                            [medium_large-height] => 512
                            [large] => https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/MIT-Gabriela-Schlau-Cohen-01-press-1024x682.jpg
                            [large-width] => 1024
                            [large-height] => 682
                            [1536x1536] => https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/MIT-Gabriela-Schlau-Cohen-01-press-1536x1024.jpg
                            [1536x1536-width] => 1536
                            [1536x1536-height] => 1024
                            [2048x2048] => https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/MIT-Gabriela-Schlau-Cohen-01-press.jpg
                            [2048x2048-width] => 2000
                            [2048x2048-height] => 1333
                            [homepage-priority-section-square] => https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/MIT-Gabriela-Schlau-Cohen-01-press-900x900.jpg
                            [homepage-priority-section-square-width] => 900
                            [homepage-priority-section-square-height] => 900
                            [priority-section-header-small] => https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/MIT-Gabriela-Schlau-Cohen-01-press-600x450.jpg
                            [priority-section-header-small-width] => 600
                            [priority-section-header-small-height] => 450
                            [thumbnail-homepage-priority-section-square] => https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/MIT-Gabriela-Schlau-Cohen-01-press-100x100.jpg
                            [thumbnail-homepage-priority-section-square-width] => 100
                            [thumbnail-homepage-priority-section-square-height] => 100
                            [thumbnail-priority-section-square] => https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/MIT-Gabriela-Schlau-Cohen-01-press-250x250.jpg
                            [thumbnail-priority-section-square-width] => 250
                            [thumbnail-priority-section-square-height] => 250
                            [iphone-cover] => https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/MIT-Gabriela-Schlau-Cohen-01-press-375x667.jpg
                            [iphone-cover-width] => 375
                            [iphone-cover-height] => 667
                            [Nivo Small] => https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/MIT-Gabriela-Schlau-Cohen-01-press-800x600.jpg
                            [Nivo Small-width] => 800
                            [Nivo Small-height] => 600
                        )

                )

            [image_alignment] => center center
            [tags] => Array
                (
                    [0] => chemistry
                    [1] => climate
                    [2] => students-faculty-researchers
                )

            [is_video] => 
        )

)
--><!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
    <head>

        <title>Chemistry | The MIT Campaign for a Better World</title>
	    <meta charset="UTF-8"><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"ab0374a39e",applicationID:"357127111"};;(()=>{var e,t,r={9071:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>n});var n=0,i=navigator.userAgent.match(/Firefox[\/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);i&&(n=+i[1])},6562:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P_:()=>v,Mt:()=>p,C5:()=>d,DL:()=>y,OP:()=>N,lF:()=>M,Yu:()=>A,Dg:()=>h,CX:()=>f,GE:()=>w,sU:()=>R});var n={};r.r(n),r.d(n,{agent:()=>E,match:()=>D,version:()=>x});var i=r(6797),o=r(909),a=r(8610);class s{constructor(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,a.Z)("New setting a Configurable requires an object as input");if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,a.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires a model to set its initial properties");Object.assign(this,t),Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,r]=e;const n=(0,o.q)(t);n.length&&r&&"object"==typeof r&&n.forEach((e=>{e in r&&((0,a.Z)('"'.concat(e,'" is a protected attribute and can not be changed in feature ').concat(t,".  It will have no effect.")),delete r[e])})),this[t]=r}))}catch(e){(0,a.Z)("An error occured while setting a Configurable",e)}}}const c={beacon:i.ce.beacon,errorBeacon:i.ce.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},u={};function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!u[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return u[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");u[e]=new s(t,c),(0,i.Qy)(e,u[e],"info")}const l={allow_bfcache:!0,privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},ajax:{deny_list:void 0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},ssl:void 0,obfuscate:void 0,jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},metrics:{enabled:!0},page_action:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30},page_view_event:{enabled:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,long_task:!1},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10}},g={};function v(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");if(!g[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return g[e]}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");g[e]=new s(t,l),(0,i.Qy)(e,g[e],"config")}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");var r=v(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}const m={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},b={};function y(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!b[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return b[e]}function w(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");b[e]=new s(t,m),(0,i.Qy)(e,b[e],"loader_config")}const A=(0,i.mF)().o;var E=null,x=null;if(navigator.userAgent){var T=navigator.userAgent,_=T.match(/Version\/(\S+)\s+Safari/);_&&-1===T.indexOf("Chrome")&&-1===T.indexOf("Chromium")&&(E="Safari",x=_[1])}function D(e,t){if(!E)return!1;if(e!==E)return!1;if(!t)return!0;if(!x)return!1;for(var r=x.split("."),n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length;i++)if(n[i]!==r[i])return!1;return!0}var j=r(5526),P=r(2374);const k="NRBA_SESSION_ID";function O(){if(!P.il)return null;try{let e;return null===(e=window.sessionStorage.getItem(k))&&(e=(0,j.ky)(16),window.sessionStorage.setItem(k,e)),e}catch(e){return null}}var S=r(8226);const I=e=>({customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,offset:Math.floor(P._A?.performance?.timeOrigin||P._A?.performance?.timing?.navigationStart||Date.now()),onerror:void 0,origin:""+P._A.location,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},sessionId:1==p(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")?O():null,xhrWrappable:"function"==typeof P._A.XMLHttpRequest?.prototype?.addEventListener,userAgent:n,version:S.q}),C={};function N(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!C[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return C[e]}function R(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");C[e]=new s(t,I(e)),(0,i.Qy)(e,C[e],"runtime")}function M(e){return function(e){try{const t=d(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}(e)}},8226:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{q:()=>n});const n="1228.PROD"},9557:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{w:()=>o});var n=r(8610);const i={agentIdentifier:""};class o{constructor(e){try{if("object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.Z)("shared context requires an object as input");this.sharedContext={},Object.assign(this.sharedContext,i),Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,r]=e;Object.keys(i).includes(t)&&(this.sharedContext[t]=r)}))}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occured while setting SharedContext",e)}}}},4329:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{L:()=>d,R:()=>c});var n=r(3752),i=r(7022),o=r(4045),a=r(2325);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:a.p[t]||0};u(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e){e&&(s[e]||(s[e]=new Map))}function d(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:"",t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:"feature";if(u(e),!e||!s[e].get(t))return a(t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0;const r=Array.from(s[e]);function a(t){const r=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,a=o.X.handlers;if(r.backlog&&a){var s=r.backlog[t],c=a[t];if(c){for(var u=0;s&&u<s.length;++u)f(s[u],c);(0,i.D)(c,(function(e,t){(0,i.D)(t,(function(t,r){r[0].on(e,r[1])}))}))}delete a[t],r.backlog[t]=null,r.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}r.every((e=>{let[t,r]=e;return r.staged}))&&(r.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),r.forEach((e=>{let[t]=e;a(t)})))}function f(e,t){var r=e[1];(0,i.D)(t[r],(function(t,r){var n=e[0];if(r[0]===n){var i=r[1],o=e[3],a=e[2];i.apply(o,a)}}))}},3752:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ee:()=>u});var n=r(6797),i=r(3916),o=r(7022),a=r(6562),s="nr@context";let c=(0,n.fP)();var u;function d(){}function f(){return new d}function l(){u.aborted=!0,u.backlog={}}c.ee?u=c.ee:(u=function e(t,r){var n={},c={},g={},v=!1;try{v=16===r.length&&(0,a.OP)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var h={on:b,addEventListener:b,removeEventListener:y,emit:m,get:A,listeners:w,context:p,buffer:E,abort:l,aborted:!1,isBuffering:x,debugId:r,backlog:v?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{}};return h;function p(e){return e&&e instanceof d?e:e?(0,i.X)(e,s,f):f()}function m(e,r,n,i,o){if(!1!==o&&(o=!0),!u.aborted||i){t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=p(n),s=w(e),d=s.length,f=0;f<d;f++)s[f].apply(a,r);var l=T()[c[e]];return l&&l.push([h,e,r,a]),a}}function b(e,t){n[e]=w(e).concat(t)}function y(e,t){var r=n[e];if(r)for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)}function w(e){return n[e]||[]}function A(t){return g[t]=g[t]||e(h,t)}function E(e,t){var r=T();h.aborted||(0,o.D)(e,(function(e,n){t=t||"feature",c[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))}function x(e){return!!T()[c[e]]}function T(){return h.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),c.ee=u)},9252:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{E:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(3752).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},4045:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{X:()=>o});var n=r(9252);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.E,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.E);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},8544:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{bP:()=>s,iz:()=>c,m$:()=>a});var n=r(2374);let i=!1,o=!1;try{const e={get passive(){return i=!0,!1},get signal(){return o=!0,!1}};n._A.addEventListener("test",null,e),n._A.removeEventListener("test",null,e)}catch(e){}function a(e,t){return i||o?{capture:!!e,passive:i,signal:t}:!!e}function s(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];window.addEventListener(e,t,a(r))}function c(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];document.addEventListener(e,t,a(r))}},5526:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Rl:()=>i,ky:()=>o});var n=r(2374);function i(){var e=null,t=0,r=n._A?.crypto||n._A?.msCrypto;function i(){return e?15&e[t++]:16*Math.random()|0}r&&r.getRandomValues&&(e=r.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));for(var o,a="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx",s="",c=0;c<a.length;c++)s+="x"===(o=a[c])?i().toString(16):"y"===o?(o=3&i()|8).toString(16):o;return s}function o(e){var t=null,r=0,n=self.crypto||self.msCrypto;n&&n.getRandomValues&&Uint8Array&&(t=n.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));for(var i=[],o=0;o<e;o++)i.push(a().toString(16));return i.join("");function a(){return t?15&t[r++]:16*Math.random()|0}}},2053:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{B:()=>n,z:()=>i});const n=(new Date).getTime();function i(){return Math.round(performance.now())}},8283:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{B:()=>a,L:()=>s});var n=r(6562),i=r(2053),o={};function a(e,t,r){void 0===r&&(r=(0,i.z)()+(0,n.OP)(e).offset),o[e]=o[e]||{},o[e][t]=r}function s(e,t,r,n){const i=e.sharedContext.agentIdentifier;var a=o[i]?.[r],s=o[i]?.[n];void 0!==a&&void 0!==s&&e.store("measures",t,{value:s-a})}},2545:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{L:()=>c});var n=r(9071),i=r(8544),o=r(8305),a=r(2374),s=r(6998);if(a.v6){a._A.cleanupTasks=[];const e=a._A.close;a._A.close=()=>{for(let e of a._A.cleanupTasks)e();e()}}function c(e,t){if(a.il)if(t)(0,s.N)(e,!0),(0,i.bP)("pagehide",e);else{var r=(0,o.Z)(e);!n.I||navigator.sendBeacon?(0,i.bP)("pagehide",r):(0,i.bP)("beforeunload",r),(0,i.bP)("unload",r)}else a.v6&&a._A.cleanupTasks.push(e)}},8610:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){console&&console.warn&&"function"==typeof console.warn&&(console.warn("New Relic: ".concat(e)),t&&console.warn(t))}r.d(t,{Z:()=>n})},3916:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{X:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},2374:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{_A:()=>o,il:()=>n,lW:()=>a,v6:()=>i});const n=Boolean("undefined"!=typeof window&&window.document),i=Boolean("undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator);let o=(()=>{if(n)return window;if(i){if("undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope)return globalThis;if(self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope)return self}throw new Error('New Relic browser agent shutting down due to error: Unable to locate global scope. This is possibly due to code redefining browser global variables like "self" and "window".')})();function a(){return o}},7022:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t){var r=[],i="",o=0;for(i in e)n.call(e,i)&&(r[o]=t(i,e[i]),o+=1);return r}},8305:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Z:()=>o});var n=r(8683),i=r.n(n);function o(e){var t,r=!1;return function(){return r?t:(r=!0,t=e.apply(this,i()(arguments)))}}},2438:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>o});var n=r(3752);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}}},2650:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{K:()=>a,b:()=>o});var n=r(8544);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.bP)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.iz)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},6797:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{EZ:()=>u,Qy:()=>c,ce:()=>o,fP:()=>a,gG:()=>d,mF:()=>s});var n=r(2053),i=r(2374);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return i._A.NREUM||(i._A.NREUM={}),void 0===i._A.newrelic&&(i._A.newrelic=i._A.NREUM),i._A.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:i._A.setTimeout,SI:i._A.setImmediate,CT:i._A.clearTimeout,XHR:i._A.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:i._A.Request,EV:i._A.Event,PR:i._A.Promise,MO:i._A.MutationObserver,FETCH:i._A.fetch}),e}function c(e,t,r){let i=a();const o=i.initializedAgents||{},s=o[e]||{};return Object.keys(s).length||(s.initializedAt={ms:(0,n.z)(),date:new Date}),i.initializedAgents={...o,[e]:{...s,[r]:t}},i}function u(e,t){a()[e]=t}function d(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},6998:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{N:()=>i,e:()=>o});var n=r(8544);function i(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]&&arguments[1];return void(0,n.iz)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t){if("hidden"!=document.visibilityState)return;e()}e(document.visibilityState)}))}function o(){return"hidden"===document.visibilityState?-1:1/0}},6034:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{gF:()=>o,mY:()=>i,t9:()=>n,vz:()=>s,xS:()=>a});const n=r(2325).D.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},2484:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(2325).D.pageViewEvent},6382:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(2325).D.pageViewTiming},1509:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>s});var n=r(6562),i=r(3752),o=r(2384),a=r(6797);class s{constructor(e,t,r){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.aggregator=t,this.ee=i.ee.get(e,(0,n.OP)(this.agentIdentifier).isolatedBacklog),this.featureName=r,this.blocked=!1,this.checkConfiguration()}checkConfiguration(){if(!(0,n.lF)(this.agentIdentifier)){let e={...(0,a.gG)().info?.jsAttributes};try{e={...e,...(0,n.C5)(this.agentIdentifier)?.jsAttributes}}catch(e){}(0,o.j)(this.agentIdentifier,{...(0,a.gG)(),info:{...(0,a.gG)().info,jsAttributes:e}})}}}},2384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>w});var n=r(8683),i=r.n(n),o=r(2325),a=r(6562),s=r(9252),c=r(7022),u=r(3752),d=r(2053),f=r(4329),l=r(2650),g=r(2374),v=r(8610),h=r(6034);function p(e){["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError"].forEach((t=>{e[t]=function(){for(var r=arguments.length,n=new Array(r),i=0;i<r;i++)n[i]=arguments[i];return function(t){for(var r=arguments.length,n=new Array(r>1?r-1:0),i=1;i<r;i++)n[i-1]=arguments[i];Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&e.api[t](...n)}))}(t,...n)}}))}var m=r(6797);const b={stn:[o.D.sessionTrace],err:[o.D.jserrors,o.D.metrics],ins:[o.D.pageAction],spa:[o.D.spa]};const y={};function w(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},n=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,w=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0,{init:A,info:E,loader_config:x,runtime:T={loaderType:n},exposed:_=!0}=t;const D=(0,m.gG)();let j={};return E||(A=D.init,E=D.info,x=D.loader_config,j=D),g.v6&&(E.jsAttributes={...E.jsAttributes,isWorker:!0}),(0,a.CX)(e,E),(0,a.Dg)(e,A||{}),(0,a.GE)(e,x||{}),(0,a.sU)(e,T),function(e,t,n){n||(0,f.R)(e,"api"),p(t);var m=u.ee.get(e),b=m.get("tracer"),y="api-",w=y+"ixn-";function A(){}(0,c.D)(["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"],(function(e,r){t[r]=x(y,r,!0,"api")})),t.addPageAction=x(y,"addPageAction",!0,o.D.pageAction),t.setCurrentRouteName=x(y,"routeName",!0,o.D.spa),t.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,a.OP)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,x(y,"setPageViewName",!0,"api")()},t.setCustomAttribute=function(t,r){const n=(0,a.C5)(e);return(0,a.CX)(e,{...n,jsAttributes:{...n.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),x(y,"setCustomAttribute",!0,"api")()},t.interaction=function(){return(new A).get()};var E=A.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},n=this,i="function"==typeof t;return(0,s.p)(w+"tracer",[(0,d.z)(),e,r],n,o.D.spa,m),function(){if(b.emit((i?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,d.z)(),n,i],r),i)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){throw b.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,"string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e],r),e}finally{b.emit("fn-end",[(0,d.z)()],r)}}}};function x(e,t,r,n){return function(){return(0,s.p)(h.xS,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,o.D.metrics,m),(0,s.p)(e+t,[(0,d.z)()].concat(i()(arguments)),r?null:this,n,m),r?void 0:this}}function T(){r.e(439).then(r.bind(r,5692)).then((t=>{let{setAPI:r}=t;r(e),(0,f.L)(e,"api")})).catch((()=>(0,v.Z)("Downloading runtime APIs failed...")))}(0,c.D)("actionText,setName,setAttribute,save,ignore,onEnd,getContext,end,get".split(","),(function(e,t){E[t]=x(w,t,void 0,o.D.spa)})),t.noticeError=function(e,t){"string"==typeof e&&(e=new Error(e)),(0,s.p)(h.xS,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,o.D.metrics,m),(0,s.p)("err",[e,(0,d.z)(),!1,t],void 0,o.D.jserrors,m)},g.v6?T():(0,l.b)((()=>T()),!0)}(e,j,w),(0,m.Qy)(e,D,"api"),(0,m.Qy)(e,_,"exposed"),(0,m.EZ)("activatedFeatures",y),(0,m.EZ)("setToken",(t=>function(e,t){var r=u.ee.get(t);e&&"object"==typeof e&&((0,c.D)(e,(function(e,t){if(!t)return(b[e]||[]).forEach((t=>{(0,s.p)("block-"+e,[],void 0,t,r)}));y[e]||((0,s.p)("feat-"+e,[],void 0,b[e],r),y[e]=!0)})),(0,f.L)(t,o.D.pageViewEvent))}(t,e))),j}},909:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Z:()=>i,q:()=>o});var n=r(2325);function i(e){switch(e){case n.D.ajax:return[n.D.jserrors];case n.D.sessionTrace:return[n.D.ajax,n.D.pageViewEvent];case n.D.pageViewTiming:return[n.D.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}function o(e){return e===n.D.jserrors?[]:["auto"]}},2325:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>n,p:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",jserrors:"jserrors",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionTrace:"session_trace",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.ajax]:5,[n.sessionTrace]:6,[n.pageAction]:7,[n.spa]:8}},8683:e=>{e.exports=function(e,t,r){t||(t=0),void 0===r&&(r=e?e.length:0);for(var n=-1,i=r-t||0,o=Array(i<0?0:i);++n<i;)o[n]=e[t+n];return o}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.n=e=>{var t=e&&e.__esModule?()=>e.default:()=>e;return i.d(t,{a:t}),t},i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>(({78:"page_action-aggregate",147:"metrics-aggregate",193:"session_trace-aggregate",317:"jserrors-aggregate",348:"page_view_timing-aggregate",439:"async-api",729:"lazy-loader",786:"page_view_event-aggregate",873:"spa-aggregate",898:"ajax-aggregate"}[e]||e)+"."+{78:"1ef08094",147:"56d9a464",193:"ada8b15b",317:"64f61365",348:"ced8c919",439:"61caf4d9",729:"37550b27",786:"46b69e61",862:"e74e95d2",873:"7222cbb6",898:"e6085a9a"}[e]+"-1228.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var f=u[d];if(f.getAttribute("src")==r||f.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=f;break}}s||(c=!0,(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r),e[r]=[n];var l=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(g);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},g=setTimeout(l.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=l.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=l.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={653:0,227:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=window.webpackChunkNRBA=window.webpackChunkNRBA||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})();var o={};(()=>{"use strict";i.r(o);var e=i(2325),t=i(6562);const r=Object.values(e.D);function n(e){const n={};return r.forEach((r=>{n[r]=function(e,r){return!1!==(0,t.Mt)(r,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),n}var a=i(2384),s=i(909),c=i(9252),u=i(2053),d=i(8283),f=i(4329),l=i(1509),g=i(2650),v=i(2374),h=i(8610);class p extends l.W{constructor(e,t,r){let n=!(arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3])||arguments[3];super(e,t,r),this.hasAggregator=!1,this.auto=n,this.abortHandler,n&&(0,f.R)(e,r)}importAggregator(){if(this.hasAggregator||!this.auto)return;this.hasAggregator=!0;const e=async()=>{try{const{lazyLoader:e}=await i.e(729).then(i.bind(i,8110)),{Aggregate:t}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");new t(this.agentIdentifier,this.aggregator)}catch(e){(0,h.Z)("Downloading ".concat(this.featureName," failed...")),this.abortHandler?.()}};v.v6?e():(0,g.b)((()=>e()),!0)}}var m,b,y,w=i(2484);class A extends p{constructor(e,r){let n=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,r,w.t,n),(0,d.B)(e,"starttime",(0,t.OP)(e).offset),(0,d.B)(e,"firstbyte",u.B),(0,g.K)((()=>this.measureDomContentLoaded())),(0,g.b)((()=>this.measureWindowLoaded()),!0),this.importAggregator()}measureWindowLoaded(){var r=(0,u.z)();(0,d.B)(this.agentIdentifier,"onload",r+(0,t.OP)(this.agentIdentifier).offset),(0,c.p)("timing",["load",r],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}measureDomContentLoaded(){(0,d.B)(this.agentIdentifier,"domContent",(0,u.z)()+(0,t.OP)(this.agentIdentifier).offset)}}m=A,b="featureName",y=w.t,(b=function(e){var t=function(e,t){if("object"!=typeof e||null===e)return e;var r=e[Symbol.toPrimitive];if(void 0!==r){var n=r.call(e,t||"default");if("object"!=typeof n)return n;throw new TypeError("@@toPrimitive must return a primitive value.")}return("string"===t?String:Number)(e)}(e,"string");return"symbol"==typeof t?t:String(t)}(b))in m?Object.defineProperty(m,b,{value:y,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):m[b]=y;var E=i(9557),x=i(7022);class T extends E.w{constructor(e){super(e),this.aggregatedData={}}store(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,r,i);return o.metrics=function(e,t){t||(t={count:0});return t.count+=1,(0,x.D)(e,(function(e,r){t[e]=_(r,t[e])})),t}(n,o.metrics),o}merge(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,n,i);if(o.metrics){var a=o.metrics;a.count+=r.count,(0,x.D)(r,(function(e,t){if("count"!==e){var n=a[e],i=r[e];i&&!i.c?a[e]=_(i.t,n):a[e]=function(e,t){if(!t)return e;t.c||(t=D(t.t));return t.min=Math.min(e.min,t.min),t.max=Math.max(e.max,t.max),t.t+=e.t,t.sos+=e.sos,t.c+=e.c,t}(i,a[e])}}))}else o.metrics=r}storeMetric(e,t,r,n){var i=this.getBucket(e,t,r);return i.stats=_(n,i.stats),i}getBucket(e,t,r,n){this.aggregatedData[e]||(this.aggregatedData[e]={});var i=this.aggregatedData[e][t];return i||(i=this.aggregatedData[e][t]={params:r||{}},n&&(i.custom=n)),i}get(e,t){return t?this.aggregatedData[e]&&this.aggregatedData[e][t]:this.aggregatedData[e]}take(e){for(var t={},r="",n=!1,i=0;i<e.length;i++)t[r=e[i]]=j(this.aggregatedData[r]),t[r].length&&(n=!0),delete this.aggregatedData[r];return n?t:null}}function _(e,t){return null==e?function(e){e?e.c++:e={c:1};return e}(t):t?(t.c||(t=D(t.t)),t.c+=1,t.t+=e,t.sos+=e*e,e>t.max&&(t.max=e),e<t.min&&(t.min=e),t):{t:e}}function D(e){return{t:e,min:e,max:e,sos:e*e,c:1}}function j(e){return"object"!=typeof e?[]:(0,x.D)(e,P)}function P(e,t){return t}var k=i(6797),O=i(5526),S=i(2438);var I,C=i(6998),N=i(8544),R=i(6382),M=-1,B=function(e){addEventListener("pageshow",(function(t){t.persisted&&(M=t.timeStamp,e(t))}),!0)},L=function(){return window.performance&&performance.getEntriesByType&&performance.getEntriesByType("navigation")[0]},z=function(){var e=L();return e&&e.activationStart||0},V=function(e,t){var r=L(),n="navigate";return M>=0?n="back-forward-cache":r&&(n=document.prerendering||z()>0?"prerender":document.wasDiscarded?"restore":r.type.replace(/_/g,"-")),{name:e,value:void 0===t?-1:t,rating:"good",delta:0,entries:[],id:"v3-".concat(Date.now(),"-").concat(Math.floor(8999999999999*Math.random())+1e12),navigationType:n}},W=function(e,t,r){try{if(PerformanceObserver.supportedEntryTypes.includes(e)){var n=new PerformanceObserver((function(e){Promise.resolve().then((function(){t(e.getEntries())}))}));return n.observe(Object.assign({type:e,buffered:!0},r||{})),n}}catch(e){}},q=function(e,t,r,n){var i,o;return function(a){t.value>=0&&(a||n)&&((o=t.value-(i||0))||void 0===i)&&(i=t.value,t.delta=o,t.rating=function(e,t){return e>t[1]?"poor":e>t[0]?"needs-improvement":"good"}(t.value,r),e(t))}},Z=function(e){var t=function(t){"pagehide"!==t.type&&"hidden"!==document.visibilityState||e(t)};addEventListener("visibilitychange",t,!0),addEventListener("pagehide",t,!0)},H=function(e){document.prerendering?addEventListener("prerenderingchange",(function(){return e()}),!0):e()},F=(new Date,0),U=1/0,G=0,X=function(e){e.forEach((function(e){e.interactionId&&(U=Math.min(U,e.interactionId),G=Math.max(G,e.interactionId),F=G?(G-U)/7+1:0)}))},Q=function(){return I?F:performance.interactionCount||0},K=function(){"interactionCount"in performance||I||(I=W("event",X,{type:"event",buffered:!0,durationThreshold:0}))},Y=[200,500],J=0,$=function(){return Q()-J},ee=[],te={},re=function(e){var t=ee[ee.length-1],r=te[e.interactionId];if(r||ee.length<10||e.duration>t.latency){if(r)r.entries.push(e),r.latency=Math.max(r.latency,e.duration);else{var n={id:e.interactionId,latency:e.duration,entries:[e]};te[n.id]=n,ee.push(n)}ee.sort((function(e,t){return t.latency-e.latency})),ee.splice(10).forEach((function(e){delete te[e.id]}))}},ne=i(2545);class ie extends p{constructor(r,n){var i;let o=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];if(super(r,n,R.t,o),i=this,v.il){if(this.pageHiddenTime=(0,C.e)(),this.performanceObserver,this.lcpPerformanceObserver,this.clsPerformanceObserver,this.fiRecorded=!1,"PerformanceObserver"in window&&"function"==typeof window.PerformanceObserver){this.performanceObserver=new PerformanceObserver((function(){return i.perfObserver(...arguments)}));try{this.performanceObserver.observe({entryTypes:["paint"]})}catch(e){}this.lcpPerformanceObserver=new PerformanceObserver((function(){return i.lcpObserver(...arguments)}));try{this.lcpPerformanceObserver.observe({entryTypes:["largest-contentful-paint"]})}catch(e){}this.clsPerformanceObserver=new PerformanceObserver((function(){return i.clsObserver(...arguments)}));try{this.clsPerformanceObserver.observe({type:"layout-shift",buffered:!0})}catch(e){}}this.fiRecorded=!1;["click","keydown","mousedown","pointerdown","touchstart"].forEach((e=>{(0,N.iz)(e,(function(){return i.captureInteraction(...arguments)}))})),function(e,t){t=t||{},H((function(){K();var r,n=V("INP"),i=function(e){e.forEach((function(e){e.interactionId&&re(e),"first-input"===e.entryType&&!ee.some((function(t){return t.entries.some((function(t){return e.duration===t.duration&&e.startTime===t.startTime}))}))&&re(e)}));var t,i=(t=Math.min(ee.length-1,Math.floor($()/50)),ee[t]);i&&i.latency!==n.value&&(n.value=i.latency,n.entries=i.entries,r())},o=W("event",i,{durationThreshold:t.durationThreshold||40});r=q(e,n,Y,t.reportAllChanges),o&&(o.observe({type:"first-input",buffered:!0}),Z((function(){i(o.takeRecords()),n.value<0&&$()>0&&(n.value=0,n.entries=[]),r(!0)})),B((function(){ee=[],J=Q(),n=V("INP"),r=q(e,n,Y,t.reportAllChanges)})))}))}((t=>{let{name:r,value:n,id:i}=t;(0,c.p)("timing",[r.toLowerCase(),n,{metricId:i}],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)})),!0===(0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"page_view_timing.long_task")&&(e=>{const t=t=>{t.forEach((t=>{const r={name:"LT",value:t.duration,info:{ltFrame:t.name,ltStart:t.startTime,ltCtr:t.attribution[0].containerType}};"window"!==r.info.ltCtr&&Object.assign(r.info,{ltCtrSrc:t.attribution[0].containerSrc,ltCtrId:t.attribution[0].containerId,ltCtrName:t.attribution[0].containerName}),e(r)}))};let r;try{PerformanceObserver.supportedEntryTypes.includes("longtask")&&(r=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{Promise.resolve().then((()=>{t(e.getEntries())}))})),r.observe({type:"longtask",buffered:!0}))}catch(e){}r&&(0,ne.L)((()=>{t(r.takeRecords())}),!0)})((t=>{let{name:r,value:n,info:i}=t;(0,c.p)("timing",[r.toLowerCase(),n,i],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)})),(0,C.N)((()=>{this.pageHiddenTime=(0,u.z)(),(0,c.p)("docHidden",[this.pageHiddenTime],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}),!0),(0,N.bP)("pagehide",(()=>(0,c.p)("winPagehide",[(0,u.z)()],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee))),this.importAggregator()}}perfObserver(t,r){t.getEntries().forEach((t=>{"first-paint"===t.name?(0,c.p)("timing",["fp",Math.floor(t.startTime)],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee):"first-contentful-paint"===t.name&&(0,c.p)("timing",["fcp",Math.floor(t.startTime)],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}))}lcpObserver(t,r){var n=t.getEntries();if(n.length>0){var i=n[n.length-1];if(this.pageHiddenTime<i.startTime)return;var o=[i],a=this.addConnectionAttributes({});a&&o.push(a),(0,c.p)("lcp",o,void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}}clsObserver(t){t.getEntries().forEach((t=>{t.hadRecentInput||(0,c.p)("cls",[t],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}))}addConnectionAttributes(e){var t=navigator.connection||navigator.mozConnection||navigator.webkitConnection;if(t)return t.type&&(e["net-type"]=t.type),t.effectiveType&&(e["net-etype"]=t.effectiveType),t.rtt&&(e["net-rtt"]=t.rtt),t.downlink&&(e["net-dlink"]=t.downlink),e}captureInteraction(r){if(r instanceof t.Yu.EV&&!this.fiRecorded){var n=Math.round(r.timeStamp),i={type:r.type};this.addConnectionAttributes(i);const o=(0,t.OP)(this.agentIdentifier).offset;n<=(0,u.z)()?i.fid=(0,u.z)()-n:n>o&&n<=Date.now()?(n-=o,i.fid=(0,u.z)()-n):n=(0,u.z)(),this.fiRecorded=!0,(0,c.p)("timing",["fi",n,i],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}}}!function(e,t,r){(t=function(e){var t=function(e,t){if("object"!=typeof e||null===e)return e;var r=e[Symbol.toPrimitive];if(void 0!==r){var n=r.call(e,t||"default");if("object"!=typeof n)return n;throw new TypeError("@@toPrimitive must return a primitive value.")}return("string"===t?String:Number)(e)}(e,"string");return"symbol"==typeof t?t:String(t)}(t))in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r}(ie,"featureName",R.t);const oe={dedicated:Boolean(v._A?.Worker),shared:Boolean(v._A?.SharedWorker),service:Boolean(v._A?.navigator?.serviceWorker)};let ae,se,ce;var ue=i(6034);class de extends p{constructor(t,r){let n=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(t,r,ue.t9,n),function(e){if(!ae){if(oe.dedicated){ae=Worker;try{v._A.Worker=r(ae,"Dedicated")}catch(e){o(e,"Dedicated")}if(oe.shared){se=SharedWorker;try{v._A.SharedWorker=r(se,"Shared")}catch(e){o(e,"Shared")}}else n("Shared");if(oe.service){ce=navigator.serviceWorker.register;try{v._A.navigator.serviceWorker.register=(t=ce,function(){for(var e=arguments.length,r=new Array(e),n=0;n<e;n++)r[n]=arguments[n];return i("Service",r[1]?.type),t.apply(navigator.serviceWorker,r)})}catch(e){o(e,"Service")}}else n("Service");var t;return}n("All")}function r(e,t){return"undefined"==typeof Proxy?e:new Proxy(e,{construct:(e,r)=>(i(t,r[1]?.type),new e(...r))})}function n(t){v.v6||e("Workers/".concat(t,"/Unavailable"))}function i(t,r){e("Workers/".concat(t,"module"===r?"/Module":"/Classic"))}function o(t,r){e("Workers/".concat(r,"/SM/Unsupported")),(0,h.Z)("NR Agent: Unable to capture ".concat(r," workers."),t)}}((t=>(0,c.p)(ue.xS,[t],void 0,e.D.metrics,this.ee))),this.importAggregator()}}!function(e,t,r){(t=function(e){var t=function(e,t){if("object"!=typeof e||null===e)return e;var r=e[Symbol.toPrimitive];if(void 0!==r){var n=r.call(e,t||"default");if("object"!=typeof n)return n;throw new TypeError("@@toPrimitive must return a primitive value.")}return("string"===t?String:Number)(e)}(e,"string");return"symbol"==typeof t?t:String(t)}(t))in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r}(de,"featureName",ue.t9),new class{constructor(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:(0,O.ky)(16);this.agentIdentifier=t,this.sharedAggregator=new T({agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier}),this.features={},this.desiredFeatures=new Set(e.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(A),Object.assign(this,(0,a.j)(this.agentIdentifier,e,e.loaderType||"agent")),this.start()}get config(){return{info:(0,t.C5)(this.agentIdentifier),init:(0,t.P_)(this.agentIdentifier),loader_config:(0,t.DL)(this.agentIdentifier),runtime:(0,t.OP)(this.agentIdentifier)}}start(){const t="features";try{const r=n(this.agentIdentifier),i=Array.from(this.desiredFeatures);i.sort(((t,r)=>e.p[t.featureName]-e.p[r.featureName])),i.forEach((t=>{if(r[t.featureName]||t.featureName===e.D.pageViewEvent){const e=(0,s.Z)(t.featureName),n=e.every((e=>r[e]));n||(0,h.Z)("".concat(t.featureName," is enabled but one or more dependent features has been disabled (").concat((0,S.P)(e),"). This may cause unintended consequences or missing data...")),this.features[t.featureName]=new t(this.agentIdentifier,this.sharedAggregator)}})),(0,k.Qy)(this.agentIdentifier,this.features,t)}catch(e){(0,h.Z)("Failed to initialize all enabled instrument classes (agent aborted) -",e);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,k.fP)();return delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.[t],delete this.sharedAggregator,r.ee?.abort(),delete r.ee?.get(this.agentIdentifier),!1}}}({features:[A,ie,de],loaderType:"lite"})})(),window.NRBA=o})();</script>
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=no">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/css/style.css" title="no title" charset="utf-8">

    	<link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11">

    	                <script type="text/javascript" src="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/js/lib.js"></script>
	    <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />

	<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.8 - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ -->
	<title>Chemistry | The MIT Campaign for a Better World</title>
	<link rel="canonical" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/tag/chemistry/" />
	<meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" />
	<meta property="og:type" content="article" />
	<meta property="og:title" content="Chemistry | The MIT Campaign for a Better World" />
	<meta property="og:url" content="https://betterworld.mit.edu/tag/chemistry/" />
	<meta property="og:site_name" content="The MIT Campaign for a Better World" />
	<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
	<meta name="twitter:site" content="@MIT_Spectrum" />
	<script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"https://betterworld.mit.edu/tag/chemistry/","url":"https://betterworld.mit.edu/tag/chemistry/","name":"Chemistry | The MIT Campaign for a Better World","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://betterworld.mit.edu/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://betterworld.mit.edu/tag/chemistry/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://betterworld.mit.edu/tag/chemistry/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://betterworld.mit.edu/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Chemistry"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://betterworld.mit.edu/#website","url":"https://betterworld.mit.edu/","name":"The MIT Campaign for a Better World","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https://betterworld.mit.edu/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://betterworld.mit.edu/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://betterworld.mit.edu/#organization","name":"MIT","url":"https://betterworld.mit.edu/","sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/Spectrum.MIT/","https://twitter.com/MIT_Spectrum"],"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://betterworld.mit.edu/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/MIT-logo-red-gray-54x28.svg","contentUrl":"https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/MIT-logo-red-gray-54x28.svg","caption":"MIT"},"image":{"@id":"https://betterworld.mit.edu/#/schema/logo/image/"}}]}</script>
	<!-- / Yoast SEO plugin. -->


<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s.w.org' />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="The MIT Campaign for a Better World &raquo; Chemistry Tag Feed" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/tag/chemistry/feed/" />
<script type="text/javascript">
window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/14.0.0\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/14.0.0\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/betterworld.mit.edu\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.0.2"}};
/*! This file is auto-generated */
!function(e,a,t){var n,r,o,i=a.createElement("canvas"),p=i.getContext&&i.getContext("2d");function s(e,t){var a=String.fromCharCode,e=(p.clearRect(0,0,i.width,i.height),p.fillText(a.apply(this,e),0,0),i.toDataURL());return p.clearRect(0,0,i.width,i.height),p.fillText(a.apply(this,t),0,0),e===i.toDataURL()}function c(e){var t=a.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=t.type="text/javascript",a.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(t)}for(o=Array("flag","emoji"),t.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},r=0;r<o.length;r++)t.supports[o[r]]=function(e){if(!p||!p.fillText)return!1;switch(p.textBaseline="top",p.font="600 32px Arial",e){case"flag":return s([127987,65039,8205,9895,65039],[127987,65039,8203,9895,65039])?!1:!s([55356,56826,55356,56819],[55356,56826,8203,55356,56819])&&!s([55356,57332,56128,56423,56128,56418,56128,56421,56128,56430,56128,56423,56128,56447],[55356,57332,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56418,8203,56128,56421,8203,56128,56430,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56447]);case"emoji":return!s([129777,127995,8205,129778,127999],[129777,127995,8203,129778,127999])}return!1}(o[r]),t.supports.everything=t.supports.everything&&t.supports[o[r]],"flag"!==o[r]&&(t.supports.everythingExceptFlag=t.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&t.supports[o[r]]);t.supports.everythingExceptFlag=t.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!t.supports.flag,t.DOMReady=!1,t.readyCallback=function(){t.DOMReady=!0},t.supports.everything||(n=function(){t.readyCallback()},a.addEventListener?(a.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",n,!1),e.addEventListener("load",n,!1)):(e.attachEvent("onload",n),a.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",function(){"complete"===a.readyState&&t.readyCallback()})),(e=t.source||{}).concatemoji?c(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(c(e.twemoji),c(e.wpemoji)))}(window,document,window._wpemojiSettings);
</script>
<style type="text/css">
img.wp-smiley,
img.emoji {
	display: inline !important;
	border: none !important;
	box-shadow: none !important;
	height: 1em !important;
	width: 1em !important;
	margin: 0 0.07em !important;
	vertical-align: -0.1em !important;
	background: none !important;
	padding: 0 !important;
}
</style>
	<link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css'  href='https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.0.2' type='text/css' media='all' />
<style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>
body{--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--duotone--dark-grayscale: url('#wp-duotone-dark-grayscale');--wp--preset--duotone--grayscale: url('#wp-duotone-grayscale');--wp--preset--duotone--purple-yellow: url('#wp-duotone-purple-yellow');--wp--preset--duotone--blue-red: url('#wp-duotone-blue-red');--wp--preset--duotone--midnight: url('#wp-duotone-midnight');--wp--preset--duotone--magenta-yellow: url('#wp-duotone-magenta-yellow');--wp--preset--duotone--purple-green: url('#wp-duotone-purple-green');--wp--preset--duotone--blue-orange: url('#wp-duotone-blue-orange');--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}
</style>
<link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/json" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-json/wp/v2/tags/338" />

                <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/betterworld-icon-16px.png"/>

        
            <link rel="icon" type="image/png"  sizes="16x16" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/betterworld-icon-16px.png">
            <link rel="icon" type="image/png"  sizes="32x32" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/betterworld-icon-32px.png">
            <link rel="icon" type="image/png"  sizes="57x57" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/betterworld-icon-57px.png">
            <link rel="icon" type="image/png"  sizes="60x60" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/betterworld-icon-60px.png">
            <link rel="icon" type="image/png"  sizes="72x72" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/betterworld-icon-72px.png">
            <link rel="icon" type="image/png"  sizes="76x76" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/betterworld-icon-76px.png">
            <link rel="icon" type="image/png"  sizes="114x114" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/betterworld-icon-114px.png">
            <link rel="icon" type="image/png"  sizes="120x120" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/betterworld-icon-120px.png">
            <link rel="icon" type="image/png"  sizes="144x144" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/betterworld-icon-144px.png">
            <link rel="icon" type="image/png"  sizes="152x152" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/betterworld-icon-152px.png">

        
    </head>
    <body style="">

                <nav class="show-mobile mobile-header fixed on" role="menubar">
    <a href="/" role="menuitem"><img class="mit-logo"
            src="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/logo-mit-world.png"
            alt="MIT Campaign for a Better World Logo" height="100%" /></a>

    <a href="#" class="menu-button" role="button">
        <img src="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/mobile-bars.png" alt="Menu Button"
            height="100%" />
    </a>
    <a href="#" class="search" role="button">
        <img src="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/icon-search.png" alt="Search Button"
            height="100%" alt="search" />
    </a>

    <div class="mobile-content ">
        <div class="gray-band"></div>
        <div class="nav-items nav-items-main enter">
            <div class="search-form" role="search">
                <form method="get" action="/">
                    <input type="text" placeholder="Search" name="s" value="" maxlength="200" role="search"
                        aria-label="search box">
                    <a class="clear-input hide" role="button" href="#">
                        <img src="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/icon-close.png" width="20px"
                            alt="close search" />
                    </a>
                </form>
                <div class="results hide">
                    <ul></ul>
                </div>
            </div>

            <ul class="main-items">
                <li>
                    <a href="#campaignPriorities" class="nav-subitem" role="menuitem">
                        Priorities
                    </a>
                </li>
                <li>
                    <a href="#campaignSchoolUnits" class="nav-subitem" role="menuitem">
                        Schools and Units
                    </a>
                </li>
                <li>
                    <a href="https://spectrum.mit.edu/" role="menuitem" target="_blank">
                        MIT Spectrum
                    </a>
                </li>
                <li>
                    <a href="/support" role="menuitem">
                        Support
                    </a>
                </li>
            </ul>
            <div class="give-now">
                <a href="https://giving.mit.edu/form?source=WBBW&utm_source=bw-give-button&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=better-world-website&utm_content=main-nav" class="btn btn-black">Give to MIT</a>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div id="campaignPriorities" class="nav-items">
            <a class="back" href="#" role="menuitem"><img
                    src="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/icon-mobile-back.png" width="12px"
                    alt="Navigate Back Button" />Back</a>
            <ul class="scrollable">
                <li>
                    <p class="nav-heading">
                        Priorities
                    </p>
                </li>
                <li>


                                        <p>
                        <a href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/basic-research/" role="menuitem">
                            Basic Research                        </a>
                    </p>
                                        <p>
                        <a href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/climate-action/" role="menuitem">
                            Climate Action                        </a>
                    </p>
                                        <p>
                        <a href="/innovation-for-impact/" role="menuitem">
                            Innovation for Impact                        </a>
                    </p>
                                    </li>
                <li>

                                        <p>
                        <a href="/reimagining-mit-campus/" role="menuitem">
                            Reimagining MIT's Campus                        </a>
                    </p>
                                        <p>
                        <a href="/reinventing-education/" role="menuitem">
                            Reinventing Education                        </a>
                    </p>
                                        <p>
                        <a href="/students-faculty-researchers/" role="menuitem">
                            Students, Faculty, Researchers                        </a>
                    </p>
                                    </li>

            </ul>

        </div>
        <div id="campaignSchoolUnits" class="nav-items">
            <a class="back" href="#" role="menuitem"><img
                    src="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/icon-mobile-back.png" height="12px"
                    alt="Navigate Back Button" />Back</a>
            <ul class="scrollable">
                <li>
                    <a class="nav-heading track-link" href='/schools-and-units/'>
                        MIT Schools and Units
                    </a>
                </li>
                <li>
                    <p class="nav-section">
                        MIT Schools
                    </p>
                                        <p>
                        <a href="/tag/school-of-architecture-and-planning/" role="menuitem">
                            School of Architecture and Planning                        </a>
                    </p>
                                        <p>
                        <a href="/tag/school-of-engineering/" role="menuitem">
                            School of Engineering                        </a>
                    </p>
                                        <p>
                        <a href="/tag/school-of-humanities-arts-social-sciences/" role="menuitem">
                            School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences                        </a>
                    </p>
                                        <p>
                        <a href="/tag/school-of-science/" role="menuitem">
                            School of Science                        </a>
                    </p>
                                        <p>
                        <a href="https://mitsloan.mit.edu/campaign?utm_campaign=better-world-website&utm_medium=header-nav" role="menuitem">
                            MIT Sloan School of Management                        </a>
                    </p>
                                        <p>
                        <a href="/tag/mit-schwarzman-college-of-computing/" role="menuitem">
                            MIT Stephen A. Schwarzman College of Computing                        </a>
                    </p>
                                        <p>
                        <a href="/labs-centers-institutes/" role="menuitem">
                            Labs, Centers, and Institutes                        </a>
                    </p>
                                    </li>
            </ul>

        </div>
        <div id="support" class="nav-items">
            <a class="back" href="#" role="menuitem"><img
                    src="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/icon-mobile-back.png" height="12px"
                    alt="Navigate Back Button" />Back</a>
            <ul class="scrollable">
                <li>
                    <a class="nav-heading track-link" href="/support">
                        Support
                    </a>
                </li>
                <li>
                    <p>

                    </p>
                                    </li>
            </ul>

        </div>

    </div>
</nav>        <nav class="top-header  container-fluid fixed on" role="menu">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-2 col-sm-2">
            <a href="/" class="logo" role="menuitem"><img
                    src="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/logo-mit-world.png"
                    alt="MIT Campaign for a Better World Logo" /></a>
            <img class="print-only print-logo"
                src="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/betterworld-H-COL-b-web-post-2X.png"
                height="44" />
        </div>
        <div class="col-md-8 col-sm-8">
            <ul class="main-navigation">
                <li class="dropdown">
                    <a href="/campaign-priorities/" class="track-link" role="menuitem">Priorities</a>
                    <div class="mega-content text-left">
                        <div class="container-fluid">
                            <div class="row">
                                <div class="col-md-1"></div>
                                <div class="col-md-10">
                                    <div class="container-fluid">
                                        <div class="row">
                                            <div id="mitDiscoveryLabel" class="col-md-3 text-right">
                                                <div class="menu-section">

                                                </div>
                                            </div>
                                            <div class="col-md-4">
                                                <div id="mitDiscoveryItems" class="sub-menu-items">
                                                                                                        <a href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/basic-research/">
                                                        Basic Research                                                    </a>
                                                    <br>
                                                                                                        <a href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/climate-action/">
                                                        Climate Action                                                    </a>
                                                    <br>
                                                                                                        <a href="/innovation-for-impact/">
                                                        Innovation for Impact                                                    </a>
                                                    <br>
                                                    
                                                                                                        <a href="/reimagining-mit-campus/">
                                                        Reimagining MIT's Campus                                                    </a>
                                                    <br>
                                                                                                        <a href="/reinventing-education/">
                                                        Reinventing Education                                                    </a>
                                                    <br>
                                                                                                        <a href="/students-faculty-researchers/">
                                                        Students, Faculty, Researchers                                                    </a>
                                                    <br>
                                                                                                    </div>
                                            </div>
                                            <div id="mitCoreLabel" class="col-md-2 text-right">
                                                <div class="menu-section">

                                                </div>
                                            </div>
                                            <div class="col-md-3">
                                                <div id="mitCoreItems" class="sub-menu-items">

                                                </div>
                                            </div>
                                        </div>
                                    </div>


                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </li>
                <li class="dropdown">
                    <a href="/schools-and-units/" class="track-link" role="menuitem">Schools and units</a>
                    <div class="mega-content text-left">
                        <div class="container-fluid">
                            <div class="row">
                                <div class="col-md-2"></div>
                                <div class="col-md-8">
                                    <div class="container-fluid">
                                        <div class="row">
                                            <div class="col-md-2"></div>
                                            <div id="schoolUnitsMenuLabel" class="col-md-4 text-right">
                                                <div class="menu-section">
                                                    MIT Schools and Units
                                                </div>
                                            </div>
                                            <div id="schoolUnitsMenuItems" class="col-md-6">
                                                <div class="sub-menu-items">
                                                                                                        <a href="/tag/school-of-architecture-and-planning/">
                                                        School of Architecture and Planning                                                    </a>
                                                    <br>
                                                                                                        <a href="/tag/school-of-engineering/">
                                                        School of Engineering                                                    </a>
                                                    <br>
                                                                                                        <a href="/tag/school-of-humanities-arts-social-sciences/">
                                                        School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences                                                    </a>
                                                    <br>
                                                                                                        <a href="/tag/school-of-science/">
                                                        School of Science                                                    </a>
                                                    <br>
                                                                                                        <a href="https://mitsloan.mit.edu/campaign?utm_campaign=better-world-website&utm_medium=header-nav">
                                                        MIT Sloan School of Management                                                    </a>
                                                    <br>
                                                                                                        <a href="/tag/mit-schwarzman-college-of-computing/">
                                                        MIT Stephen A. Schwarzman College of Computing                                                    </a>
                                                    <br>
                                                                                                        <a href="/labs-centers-institutes/">
                                                        Labs, Centers, and Institutes                                                    </a>
                                                    <br>
                                                                                                    </div>
                                            </div>
                                        </div>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </li>
                <li>
                    <a href="https://spectrum.mit.edu/" class="track-link" role="menuitem" target="_blank">MIT
                        Spectrum</a>
                </li>
                <li>
                    <a href="/support" class="track-link" role="menuitem">Support</a>
                </li>
            </ul>
        </div>
        <div class="col-md-2 col-sm-2">
            <ul class="right-navigation">
                <li class="search dropdown " role="search">
                    <a class='show-search-button' href="#" role="menuitem">
                        <img src="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/icon-search.png"
                            alt="Search Button" />
                    </a>
                    <div class="search-content">
                        <div class="search-form">
                            <form method="get" action="/">
                                <input type="text" placeholder="Search" name="s" value="" maxlength="200" role="search"
                                    aria-label="search box">
                                <a href="#" class="clear-input" role="button">
                                    <img src="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/icon-close.png"
                                        width="33px" alt="close search" />
                                </a>
                            </form>
                            <div class="results hide">
                                <ul></ul>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </li>
                                <li class="give ">
                    <a href="https://giving.mit.edu/form?source=WBBW&utm_source=bw-give-button&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=better-world-website&utm_content=main-nav" target="_blank" class="header-button" role="menuitem">Give
                        to MIT</a>

                </li>
            </ul>
        </div>
    </div>
</nav>


<!-- priority sections -->
<!-- priority sections end-->


<div class="page-header tag-page ">
  <span>results for </span> (  Chemistry  )
</div>

    <div class="result-items " data-total="1" data-total-max="1" role="group">


                <a box-num="0" class="result-item normal" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/gabriela-schlau-cohen-illuminating-photosynthesis/"  role="button">
            <div class="content"  style=" background-position:center center;        background-image: url(https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/MIT-Gabriela-Schlau-Cohen-01-press.jpg);" title="Gabriela Schlau-Cohen: Illuminating Photosynthesis">
                <div class="overlay"></div>
                <span class="caption">
                    <span class="no-video "></span>
                    Gabriela Schlau-Cohen: Illuminating Photosynthesis                </span>
            </div>
        </a>
        	        </div>
    <div class="clearfix"></div>

    <section class="story-footer nav-dark">
        <div class="container-fluid ">

            <div class="row">
                <div class="col-md-1"></div>
                <div class="col-md-10">
                    <hr>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="row explore-topics">
                <div class="col-md-2"></div>
                <div class="col-md-8">
                    <p class="story-footer-header">
                        Explore Topics
                    </p>

                                                                    <a  role="button" class="btn btn-gray-light-wire" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/tag/chemistry/" title="Chemistry">Chemistry</a>
                        <!--  -->
                                                                    <a  role="button" class="btn btn-gray-light-wire" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/tag/climate/" title="Climate">Climate</a>
                        <!--  -->
                                                                    <a  role="button" class="btn btn-gray-light-wire" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/tag/students-faculty-researchers/" title="Students Faculty Researchers">Students Faculty Researchers</a>
                        <!--  -->
                                    </div>

            </div>


            <div class="row">
                <div class="col-md-1"></div>
                <div class="col-md-10">
                    <hr>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>

            </section>
    <br>

    <input type="hidden" name="relatedTags" id="relatedTags" value="     " />


<script type="text/javascript">
    window.result_max_pages = 1;
    window.result_page = 1;
    window.page_type = 'Topic Page';
    window.page_tag_name = 'Chemistry';
</script>
<hr class="print-only">
<footer class="nav-dark">
        <div class="join-us">
        <div class="container-fluid">
            <div class="row">
                <div class="col-md-6 globe"></div>
                <div class="col-md-5">
                    <h2>
                                                Your support helps make a better world.<br><br>
                        <a class="btn btn--black" href="https://giving.mit.edu/" target="_blank">Give to MIT</a>
                                            </h2>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
        <div class="mega-footer">
        <div class="container-fluid">
            <div class="row">
                <div class="col-md-1 hidden-sm hidden-xs"></div>
                <div class="col-md-2 col-sm-3 hidden-xs ">
                    <a class="mit-logo" href="http://mit.edu"><img
                            src="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/logo-mit-footer.png"
                            alt="MIT Logo" width="133" height="30" /></a>
                </div>
                <div class="col-md-3 col-sm-3">
                    <nav>
                        <a href="/">Home</a>
                        <a href="/campaign-priorities/">Priorities</a>
                        <a href="/schools-and-units/">Schools</a>
                        <a href="https://spectrum.mit.edu/" target="_blank">MIT Spectrum</a>
                        <a href="/support/">Support</a>
                    </nav>

                </div>
                <div class="col-md-3 col-sm-3">
                    <div class="more-info">
                        <h4>Contact Us</h4>
                        <div class="contact-us-label">
                        </div>
                        <a class="contact-us-email" href="mailto:betterworld@mit.edu">betterworld@mit.edu</a>
                        <a href="tel:+16173249228" class="contact-us-phone" aria-label="telephone number">+1 617 324
                            9228</a>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="col-md-3 col-sm-3">
                    <div class="more-info">
                        <h4>Learn More</h4>
                        <nav>
                            <a target="_blank" href="https://giving.mit.edu/ways/?utm_source=bw-footer&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=better-world-website&utm_content=footer-link">Ways to Give</a>
                            <a target="_blank" href="https://alum.mit.edu/about/privacy-statement">Privacy Statement</a>
                            <a target="_blank" href="https://accessibility.mit.edu/">Accessibility</a>

                        </nav>

                        <div>
                            <ul class="social-footer">
                                <li><a class="svg-twitter icon" role="button" title="Twitter"
                                        aria-label="Share on Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/MIT_Spectrum"><span
                                            class="icon-twitter">Twitter</span></a></li>
                                <li><a class="svg-facebook icon" role="button" title="Facebook"
                                        aria-label="Share on Facebook"
                                        href="https://www.facebook.com/Spectrum.MIT"><span
                                            class="icon-facebook">Facebook</span></a></li>
                                <li><a class="svg-youtube icon" role="button" title="YouTube"
                                        aria-label="Share on YouTube"
                                        href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxX4WRen2idglKsv8Rgy-xg"><span
                                            class="icon-youtube">YouTube</span></a></li>
                            </ul>
                        </div>

                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

    <p class="print-only">
        <strong>Thank you for helping MIT make a better world.</strong><br />
        <a href="https://betterworld.mit.edu">betterworld.mit.edu</a> | #MITBetterWorld
    </p>

    <a class="footer-logo mit-logo-mobile visible-xs" href="#"><img
            src="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/logo-mit-footer.png" alt="MIT Logo" width="133"
            height="30" /></a>
    </div>

</footer>


<div id="fullScreenVideoOverlay" class="hidden">
    <video oncontextmenu="return false;" controls id="fullScreenVideoOverlayVideo" controls></video>
    <iframe src="" frameborder="0" webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen height="100%" width="100%"
        class="hide" id="fullScreenVideoEmbed"></iframe>
    <button id="fullScreenVideoOverlayButtonClose" class="btn btn-white-wire">Close</button>
</div>


<script type="text/javascript" src="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/js/app.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="//s7.addthis.com/js/300/addthis_widget.js#pubid=ra-56c37cec668a0599"></script>

<script>
//prod
(function(i, s, o, g, r, a, m) {
    i['GoogleAnalyticsObject'] = r;
    i[r] = i[r] || function() {
        (i[r].q = i[r].q || []).push(arguments)
    }, i[r].l = 1 * new Date();
    a = s.createElement(o),
        m = s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];
    a.async = 1;
    a.src = g;
    m.parentNode.insertBefore(a, m)
})(window, document, 'script', 'https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js', 'ga');

ga('create', 'UA-76635636-1', 'auto');

//MIT site-wide Google Analytics
ga('create', 'UA-1592615-30', {
    'name': 'mitsitewide'
});
ga('mitsitewide.send', 'pageview');


    <
    !--Google tag(gtag.js) -- >
    <
    script async src = "https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-7BDMB2M9LT" >
</script>
<script>
window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];

function gtag() {
    dataLayer.push(arguments);
}
gtag('js', new Date());

gtag('config', 'G-7BDMB2M9LT');
</script>


<!-- Google Tag Manager -->

<script>
(function(w, d, s, l, i) {
    w[l] = w[l] || [];
    w[l].push({
        'gtm.start':

            new Date().getTime(),
        event: 'gtm.js'
    });
    var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],

        j = d.createElement(s),
        dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : '';
    j.async = true;
    j.src =

        'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl;
    f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f);

    {
        color: red
    }
})(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-PMM8MD7');
</script>

<!-- End Google Tag Manager -->


<!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->

<noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-PMM8MD7" height="0" width="0"
        style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>

<!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->

<style>
.btn--black {
    display: inline-block;
    *display: inline;
    zoom: 1;
    line-height: normal;
    white-space: nowrap;
    vertical-align: baseline;
    text-align: center;
    cursor: pointer;
    -webkit-user-drag: none;
    -webkit-user-select: none;
    -moz-user-select: none;
    -ms-user-select: none;
    user-select: none;
    *font-size: 90%;
    font-family: var(--font-family-mono);
    *overflow: visible;
    padding: 6px 12px;
    color: #fff;
    color: white;
    *color: #fff;
    border: 2px solid #000;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    background-color: #000;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-radius: 40px;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -webkit-transition: 0.1s linear -webkit-box-shadow;
    -moz-transition: 0.1s linear -moz-box-shadow;
    -ms-transition: 0.1s linear box-shadow;
    -o-transition: 0.1s linear box-shadow;
    transition: 0.1s linear box-shadow;
}

.btn--black::-moz-focus-inner {
    padding: 0;
    border: 0;
}

.btn--black:hover,
.btn--black:focus {
    color: gray;
    filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr=#80000000, endColorstr=#80000000, GradientType=0);
    background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0 0, 0 100%, from(transparent), color-stop(40%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)));
    background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(transparent, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 40%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5));
    background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5));
    background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(transparent, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 40%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5));
    background-image: -o-linear-gradient(transparent, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 40%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5));
    background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 40%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5));
}

.btn--black:focus {
    outline: 0;
}

.btn--black:visited {
    background: transparent;
}

.btn--black:visited {
    color: #fff;
    background: #000;
}

.btn--black:hover {
    background: #fff;
    color: #000;
}

.btn--black:focus {
    background: #000;
    color: #fff;
}

.btn--black:active {
    color: #fff;
    background: #000;
}
</style>


<script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"ab0374a39e","applicationID":"357127111","transactionName":"Z1QGZBZQVkNYU0YNWV4eJVMQWFdeFkRTAw==","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":260,"atts":"SxMFEl5KRU0=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body>

</html>