<!--Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [title] => Economists Robert Hall PhD ’67 and Michael Woodford PhD ’83 Share Nobel Prize
            [url] => https://betterworld.mit.edu/economists-robert-hall-phd-67-and-michael-woodford-phd-83-share-nobel-prize/
            [image] => Array
                (
                    [ID] => 33813
                    [id] => 33813
                    [title] => MIT_Nobel-Economics-01_0
                    [filename] => MIT_Nobel-Economics-01_0.jpg
                    [filesize] => 398574
                    [url] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/MIT_Nobel-Economics-01_0.jpg
                    [link] => https://betterworld.mit.edu/economists-robert-hall-phd-67-and-michael-woodford-phd-83-share-nobel-prize/mit_nobel-economics-01_0/
                    [alt] => 
                    [author] => 20
                    [description] => 
                    [caption] => Two MIT alumni, Robert Hall PhD ’67 of Stanford University and Michael Woodford PhD ’83 of Columbia University, share the 2026 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel.
                    [name] => mit_nobel-economics-01_0
                    [status] => inherit
                    [uploaded_to] => 33811
                    [date] => 2026-10-13 14:50:34
                    [modified] => 2026-10-13 14:50:58
                    [menu_order] => 0
                    [mime_type] => image/jpeg
                    [type] => image
                    [subtype] => jpeg
                    [icon] => https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-includes/images/media/default.png
                    [width] => 900
                    [height] => 600
                    [sizes] => Array
                        (
                            [thumbnail] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/MIT_Nobel-Economics-01_0-150x150.jpg
                            [thumbnail-width] => 150
                            [thumbnail-height] => 150
                            [medium] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/MIT_Nobel-Economics-01_0-300x200.jpg
                            [medium-width] => 300
                            [medium-height] => 200
                            [medium_large] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/MIT_Nobel-Economics-01_0-768x512.jpg
                            [medium_large-width] => 768
                            [medium_large-height] => 512
                            [large] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/MIT_Nobel-Economics-01_0.jpg
                            [large-width] => 900
                            [large-height] => 600
                            [1536x1536] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/MIT_Nobel-Economics-01_0.jpg
                            [1536x1536-width] => 900
                            [1536x1536-height] => 600
                            [2048x2048] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/MIT_Nobel-Economics-01_0.jpg
                            [2048x2048-width] => 900
                            [2048x2048-height] => 600
                            [feature_xxl] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/MIT_Nobel-Economics-01_0.jpg
                            [feature_xxl-width] => 900
                            [feature_xxl-height] => 600
                            [feature] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/MIT_Nobel-Economics-01_0.jpg
                            [feature-width] => 900
                            [feature-height] => 600
                            [feature_large] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/MIT_Nobel-Economics-01_0-615x410.jpg
                            [feature_large-width] => 615
                            [feature_large-height] => 410
                            [feature_medium] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/MIT_Nobel-Economics-01_0-400x267.jpg
                            [feature_medium-width] => 400
                            [feature_medium-height] => 267
                            [feature_small] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/MIT_Nobel-Economics-01_0-293x195.jpg
                            [feature_small-width] => 293
                            [feature_small-height] => 195
                            [feature_thumb] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/MIT_Nobel-Economics-01_0-185x123.jpg
                            [feature_thumb-width] => 185
                            [feature_thumb-height] => 123
                            [lead] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/MIT_Nobel-Economics-01_0-830x600.jpg
                            [lead-width] => 830
                            [lead-height] => 600
                            [lead_orig] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/MIT_Nobel-Economics-01_0-830x553.jpg
                            [lead_orig-width] => 830
                            [lead_orig-height] => 553
                            [4x3_large] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/MIT_Nobel-Economics-01_0-615x461.jpg
                            [4x3_large-width] => 615
                            [4x3_large-height] => 461
                            [4x3_medium] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/MIT_Nobel-Economics-01_0-400x300.jpg
                            [4x3_medium-width] => 400
                            [4x3_medium-height] => 300
                            [4x3_small] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/MIT_Nobel-Economics-01_0-293x220.jpg
                            [4x3_small-width] => 293
                            [4x3_small-height] => 220
                            [4x3_thumb] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/MIT_Nobel-Economics-01_0-185x139.jpg
                            [4x3_thumb-width] => 185
                            [4x3_thumb-height] => 139
                            [vertical] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/MIT_Nobel-Economics-01_0-720x600.jpg
                            [vertical-width] => 720
                            [vertical-height] => 600
                            [vertical_orig] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/MIT_Nobel-Economics-01_0-720x480.jpg
                            [vertical_orig-width] => 720
                            [vertical_orig-height] => 480
                            [vertical_medium] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/MIT_Nobel-Economics-01_0-461x600.jpg
                            [vertical_medium-width] => 461
                            [vertical_medium-height] => 600
                            [vertical_small] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/MIT_Nobel-Economics-01_0-300x400.jpg
                            [vertical_small-width] => 300
                            [vertical_small-height] => 400
                            [vertical_thumb] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/MIT_Nobel-Economics-01_0-220x293.jpg
                            [vertical_thumb-width] => 220
                            [vertical_thumb-height] => 293
                            [vertical_large] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/MIT_Nobel-Economics-01_0-139x185.jpg
                            [vertical_large-width] => 139
                            [vertical_large-height] => 185
                            [homepage-priority-section-square] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/MIT_Nobel-Economics-01_0.jpg
                            [homepage-priority-section-square-width] => 900
                            [homepage-priority-section-square-height] => 600
                            [priority-section-header-small] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/MIT_Nobel-Economics-01_0-600x450.jpg
                            [priority-section-header-small-width] => 600
                            [priority-section-header-small-height] => 450
                            [thumbnail-homepage-priority-section-square] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/MIT_Nobel-Economics-01_0-100x100.jpg
                            [thumbnail-homepage-priority-section-square-width] => 100
                            [thumbnail-homepage-priority-section-square-height] => 100
                            [thumbnail-priority-section-square] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/MIT_Nobel-Economics-01_0-250x250.jpg
                            [thumbnail-priority-section-square-width] => 250
                            [thumbnail-priority-section-square-height] => 250
                            [iphone-cover] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/MIT_Nobel-Economics-01_0-375x600.jpg
                            [iphone-cover-width] => 375
                            [iphone-cover-height] => 600
                            [Nivo Small] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/MIT_Nobel-Economics-01_0-800x600.jpg
                            [Nivo Small-width] => 800
                            [Nivo Small-height] => 600
                        )

                )

            [image_alignment] => center center
            [tags] => Array
                (
                    [0] => alumni-ae
                    [1] => economics
                    [2] => school-of-humanities-arts-social-sciences
                )

            [is_video] => 
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [title] => Inspired by Architecture Faculty
            [url] => https://betterworld.mit.edu/spectrum/issues/fall-2019/inspired-by-architecture-faculty
            [image] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/inspired-by-architecture-faculty_01.jpg
            [image_alignment] => center center
            [tags] => Array
                (
                    [0] => alumni-ae
                    [1] => giving
                    [2] => school-of-architecture-and-planning
                )

            [is_video] => 
            [pre-title] => Spectrum Magazine
        )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [title] => Fundraising Update: MIT Campaign for a Better World
            [url] => https://betterworld.mit.edu/spectrum/issues/winter-2018/fundraising-update-mit-campaign-for-a-better-world
            [image] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Fundraising-Update-MIT-campaign-for-a-better-world_01.jpg
            [image_alignment] => center center
            [tags] => Array
                (
                    [0] => alumni-ae
                    [1] => giving
                )

            [is_video] => 
            [pre-title] => Spectrum Magazine
        )

    [3] => Array
        (
            [title] => A Community of Trust
            [url] => https://betterworld.mit.edu/spectrum/issues/fall-2017/a-community-of-trust
            [image] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/a-community-of-trust-01.jpg
            [image_alignment] => center center
            [tags] => Array
                (
                    [0] => alumni-ae
                    [1] => giving
                    [2] => mit-core
                )

            [is_video] => 
            [pre-title] => Spectrum Magazine
        )

    [4] => Array
        (
            [title] => Fully Immersed
            [url] => https://betterworld.mit.edu/spectrum/issues/fall-2017/fully-immersed
            [image] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/fully-immersed-01-scaled-e1690992369691.jpg
            [image_alignment] => center center
            [tags] => Array
                (
                    [0] => alumni-ae
                    [1] => mit-core
                )

            [is_video] => 
            [pre-title] => Spectrum Magazine
        )

    [5] => Array
        (
            [title] => Investing in the Greater Good
            [url] => https://betterworld.mit.edu/spectrum/issues/fall-2017/investing-in-the-greater-good
            [image] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/investing-in-the-greater-good-01-scaled.jpg
            [image_alignment] => center center
            [tags] => Array
                (
                    [0] => alumni-ae
                    [1] => students-faculty-researchers
                )

            [is_video] => 
            [pre-title] => Spectrum Magazine
        )

    [6] => Array
        (
            [title] => A Call to Action
            [url] => https://betterworld.mit.edu/spectrum/issues/fall-2017/a-call-to-action
            [image] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/a-call-to-action-01.jpg
            [image_alignment] => center center
            [tags] => Array
                (
                    [0] => alumni-ae
                    [1] => giving
                    [2] => students-faculty-researchers
                )

            [is_video] => 
            [pre-title] => Spectrum Magazine
        )

    [7] => Array
        (
            [title] => From MIT to Biotech and Back Again
            [url] => https://betterworld.mit.edu/spectrum/issues/spring-2017/from-mit-to-biotech-and-back-again
            [image] => https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/from-mit-to-biotech-back-again-01-scaled.jpg
            [image_alignment] => center center
            [tags] => Array
                (
                    [0] => alumni-ae
                    [1] => giving
                    [2] => mit-core
                    [3] => teaching-learning-and-living
                    [4] => whole-student-experience
                )

            [is_video] => 
            [pre-title] => Spectrum Magazine
        )

)
--><!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>

    <title>Alumni/ae | MIT for a Better World</title>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=no">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/css/style.css" title="no title"
        charset="utf-8">
    <!-- Adobe Typekit NHG -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.typekit.net/oxv2rxu.css" media="print" onload="this.media='all'">

    <!-- Google Fonts -->
    <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com">
    <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin>
    <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Roboto+Mono:wght@400;600&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">

    <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11">

        <script type="text/javascript" src="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/js/lib.js"></script>
    <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />

	<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.8 (Yoast SEO v28.8) - https://yoast.com/product/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress/ -->
	<title>Alumni/ae | MIT for a Better World</title>
	<link rel="canonical" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/tag/alumni-ae/" />
	<meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" />
	<meta property="og:type" content="article" />
	<meta property="og:title" content="Alumni/ae" />
	<meta property="og:url" content="https://betterworld.mit.edu/tag/alumni-ae/" />
	<meta property="og:site_name" content="MIT for a Better World" />
	<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
	<meta name="twitter:title" content="Alumni/ae" />
	<meta name="twitter:site" content="@MIT_Spectrum" />
	<script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"https:\/\/betterworld.mit.edu\/tag\/alumni-ae\/","url":"https:\/\/betterworld.mit.edu\/tag\/alumni-ae\/","name":"Alumni\/ae | MIT for a Better World","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/betterworld.mit.edu\/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/betterworld.mit.edu\/tag\/alumni-ae\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/betterworld.mit.edu\/tag\/alumni-ae\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/betterworld.mit.edu\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Alumni\/ae"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/betterworld.mit.edu\/#website","url":"https:\/\/betterworld.mit.edu\/","name":"MIT for a Better World","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/betterworld.mit.edu\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/betterworld.mit.edu\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/betterworld.mit.edu\/#organization","name":"MIT","url":"https:\/\/betterworld.mit.edu\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/betterworld.mit.edu\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com\/prod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/favicon-copy.svg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com\/prod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/favicon-copy.svg","width":192,"height":192,"caption":"MIT"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/betterworld.mit.edu\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Spectrum.MIT\/","https:\/\/x.com\/MIT_Spectrum"]}]}</script>
	<!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->


<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdnjs.cloudflare.com' />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="MIT for a Better World &raquo; Alumni/ae Tag Feed" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/tag/alumni-ae/feed/" />
<style id="wp-img-auto-sizes-contain-inline-css">
img:is([sizes=auto i],[sizes^="auto," i]){contain-intrinsic-size:3000px 1500px}
/*# sourceURL=wp-img-auto-sizes-contain-inline-css */
</style>
<style id="wp-emoji-styles-inline-css">

	img.wp-smiley, img.emoji {
		display: inline !important;
		border: none !important;
		box-shadow: none !important;
		height: 1em !important;
		width: 1em !important;
		margin: 0 0.07em !important;
		vertical-align: -0.1em !important;
		background: none !important;
		padding: 0 !important;
	}
/*# sourceURL=wp-emoji-styles-inline-css */
</style>
<style id="wp-block-library-inline-css">
:root{--wp-block-synced-color:#7a00df;--wp-block-synced-color--rgb:122,0,223;--wp-bound-block-color:var(--wp-block-synced-color);--wp-editor-canvas-background:#ddd;--wp-admin-theme-color:#007cba;--wp-admin-theme-color--rgb:0,124,186;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10:#006ba1;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10--rgb:0,107,160.5;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20:#005a87;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20--rgb:0,90,135;--wp-admin-border-width-focus:2px}@media (min-resolution:192dpi){:root{--wp-admin-border-width-focus:1.5px}}.wp-element-button{cursor:pointer}:root .has-very-light-gray-background-color{background-color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-background-color{background-color:#313131}:root .has-very-light-gray-color{color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-color{color:#313131}:root .has-vivid-green-cyan-to-vivid-cyan-blue-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#00d084,#0693e3)}:root .has-purple-crush-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#34e2e4,#4721fb 50%,#ab1dfe)}:root .has-hazy-dawn-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#faaca8,#dad0ec)}:root .has-subdued-olive-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fafae1,#67a671)}:root .has-atomic-cream-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fdd79a,#004a59)}:root .has-nightshade-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#330968,#31cdcf)}:root .has-midnight-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381,#2874fc)}:root{--wp--preset--font-size--normal:16px;--wp--preset--font-size--huge:42px}.has-regular-font-size{font-size:1em}.has-larger-font-size{font-size:2.625em}.has-normal-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--normal)}.has-huge-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--huge)}:root .has-text-align-center{text-align:center}:root .has-text-align-left{text-align:left}:root .has-text-align-right{text-align:right}.has-fit-text{white-space:nowrap!important}#end-resizable-editor-section{display:none}.aligncenter{clear:both}.items-justified-left{justify-content:flex-start}.items-justified-center{justify-content:center}.items-justified-right{justify-content:flex-end}.items-justified-space-between{justify-content:space-between}.screen-reader-text{word-wrap:normal!important;border:0;clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;word-break:normal!important}.screen-reader-text:focus{background-color:#ddd;clip-path:none;color:#444;display:block;font-size:1em;height:auto;left:5px;line-height:normal;padding:15px 23px 14px;text-decoration:none;top:5px;width:auto;z-index:100000}html :where(.has-border-color){border-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-color],[style*=";border-color"],[style*="; border-color"]){border-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-top-color],[style*=";border-top-color"],[style*="; border-top-color"]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-right-color],[style*=";border-right-color"],[style*="; border-right-color"]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-bottom-color],[style*=";border-bottom-color"],[style*="; border-bottom-color"]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-left-color],[style*=";border-left-color"],[style*="; border-left-color"]){border-left-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-width],[style*=";border-width"],[style*="; border-width"]){border-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-top-width],[style*=";border-top-width"],[style*="; border-top-width"]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-right-width],[style*=";border-right-width"],[style*="; border-right-width"]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-bottom-width],[style*=";border-bottom-width"],[style*="; border-bottom-width"]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-left-width],[style*=";border-left-width"],[style*="; border-left-width"]){border-left-style:solid}html :where(img[class*=wp-image-]){height:auto;max-width:100%}:where(figure){margin:0 0 1em}html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:var(--wp-admin--admin-bar--height,0px)}@media screen and (max-width:600px){html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:0px}}

/*# sourceURL=/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/common.min.css */
</style>
<style id="classic-theme-styles-inline-css">
/*! This file is auto-generated */
.wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}
/*# sourceURL=/wp-includes/css/classic-themes.min.css */
</style>


<link rel='stylesheet' id='subscribe-forms-css-css' href='https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/plugins/easy-social-share-buttons3/assets/modules/subscribe-forms.css?ver=11.6' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='easy-social-share-buttons-css' href='https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/plugins/easy-social-share-buttons3/assets/css/easy-social-share-buttons.css?ver=11.6' media='all' />
<style id="easy-social-share-buttons-inline-css">
@media (max-width: 768px){.essb-mobile-sharebar, .essb-mobile-sharepoint, .essb-mobile-sharebottom, .essb-mobile-sharebottom .essb_links, .essb-mobile-sharebar-window .essb_links, .essb-mobile-sharepoint .essb_links{display:block;}.essb-mobile-sharebar .essb_native_buttons, .essb-mobile-sharepoint .essb_native_buttons, .essb-mobile-sharebottom .essb_native_buttons, .essb-mobile-sharebottom .essb_native_item, .essb-mobile-sharebar-window .essb_native_item, .essb-mobile-sharepoint .essb_native_item{display:none;}}@media (min-width: 768px){.essb-mobile-sharebar, .essb-mobile-sharepoint, .essb-mobile-sharebottom{display:none;}}
/*# sourceURL=easy-social-share-buttons-inline-css */
</style>
<link rel='stylesheet' id='essb-part-sharing-mailform-css' href='https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/plugins/easy-social-share-buttons3/assets/parts/sharing-mailform.min.css?ver=11.6' media='all' />
<script id="subscribe-forms-js-js" src="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/plugins/easy-social-share-buttons3/assets/modules/subscribe-forms.js?ver=11.6"></script>
<script id="easy-social-share-buttons-core-js" src="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/plugins/easy-social-share-buttons3/assets/js/essb-core.js?ver=11.6"></script>
<script id="essb-inline-js"></script><style type="text/css" id="essb-inline-css"></style><link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-json/wp/v2/tags/679" />
    
    <!-- Favicon -->
	<link rel="icon"
		href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/favicon.ico"
		sizes="any">
        
	<link rel="icon"
		href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/favicon.svg"
		type="image/svg+xml">

	<!-- Standard favicon -->
    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/mit-brand-favicon-16px.png">

    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32"
        href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/mit-brand-favicon-32px.png">
    
    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192"
        href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/mit-brand-favicon-192px.png">

    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="512x512"
        href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/mit-brand-favicon-512px.png">
    
</head>

<body style="">

        <nav class="show-mobile mobile-header fixed on" role="menubar">
    <a href="/?source=mitheaderlogo" class="logo" role="menuitem">
        <svg aria-hidden="true" class="" style="width:80px;height:auto;">
            <use xlink:href="#logo-mit-mark"></use>
        </svg>
    </a>

    <div style="display: flex;align-items: center;flex-direction: row-reverse;">
    <a href="#" class="menu-button" role="button">
        <img src="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/mobile-bars.png" alt="Menu Button"
            height="100%" />
    </a>
    <a href="#" class="search" role="button">
        <img src="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/icon-search.png" alt="Search Button"
            height="100%" alt="search" />
    </a>
    </div>

    <div class="mobile-content ">
        <div class="gray-band"></div>
        <div class="nav-items nav-items-main enter">
            <div class="search-form" role="search">
                <form method="get" action="/">
                    <input type="text" placeholder="Search" name="s" value="" maxlength="200" role="search"
                        aria-label="search box">
                    <a class="clear-input hide" role="button" href="#">
                        <img src="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/icon-close.png" width="20px"
                            alt="close search" />
                    </a>
                </form>
                <div class="results hide">
                    <ul></ul>
                </div>
            </div>

            <ul class="main-items">
                <li>
                    <a href="#campaignPriorities" class="nav-subitem" role="menuitem">
                        Fundraising Priorities
                    </a>
                </li>
                <li>
                    <a href="#campaignSchoolUnits" class="nav-subitem" role="menuitem">
                        Schools and Units
                    </a>
                </li>
                <li>
                    <a href="https://spectrum.mit.edu/" role="menuitem" target="_blank">
                        MIT Spectrum
                    </a>
                </li>
                <li>
                    <a href="/support" role="menuitem">
                        Support
                    </a>
                </li>
            </ul>
            <div class="give-now">
                <a href="https://giving.mit.edu/form?source=WBBW&utm_source=bw-give-button&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=better-world-website&utm_content=main-nav" class="btn btn-black">Give to MIT</a>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div id="campaignPriorities" class="nav-items">
            <a class="back" href="#" role="menuitem"><img
                    src="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/icon-mobile-back.png" width="12px"
                    alt="Navigate Back Button" />Back</a>
            <ul class="scrollable">
                <li>
                    <a class="nav-heading track-link" href="/fundraising-priorities/">Fundraising Priorities</a>
                </li>
                <li>
                    <p class="nav-section">
                        Foundational Support
                    </p>

                                        <p>
                        <a href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/flexible-funding/" role="menuitem">
                            Flexible Funding                        </a>
                    </p>
                                        <p>
                        <a href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/supporting-scholarships-at-mit/" role="menuitem">
                            Scholarships                        </a>
                    </p>
                                        <p>
                        <a href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/supporting-graduate-students-at-mit/" role="menuitem">
                            Fellowships                        </a>
                    </p>
                                        <p>
                        <a href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/supporting-professorships-at-mit/" role="menuitem">
                            Professorships                        </a>
                    </p>
                                        <p>
                        <a href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/a-campus-for-today-and-tomorrow/" role="menuitem">
                            Campus Infrastructure                        </a>
                    </p>
                                    </li>
                <li>
                    <p class="nav-section">
                        Initiatives and Programs
                    </p>

                                        <p>
                        <a href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/climate-and-energy/" role="menuitem">
                            Climate and Energy                        </a>
                    </p>
                                        <p>
                        <a href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/health-and-life-sciences/" role="menuitem">
                            Health and Life Sciences                        </a>
                    </p>
                                        <p>
                        <a href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/mit-human-insight-collaborative-mithic/" role="menuitem">
                            Human Insight                        </a>
                    </p>
                                        <p>
                        <a href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/whole-student-experience/" role="menuitem">
                            Whole Student Experience                        </a>
                    </p>
                                    </li>

            </ul>

        </div>
        <div id="campaignSchoolUnits" class="nav-items">
            <a class="back" href="#" role="menuitem"><img
                    src="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/icon-mobile-back.png" height="12px"
                    alt="Navigate Back Button" />Back</a>
            <ul class="scrollable">
                <li>
                    <a class="nav-heading track-link" href='/schools-and-units/'>
                        MIT Schools and Units
                    </a>
                </li>
                <li>
                                        <p>
                        <a href="/tag/school-of-architecture-and-planning/" role="menuitem">
                            School of Architecture and Planning                        </a>
                    </p>
                                        <p>
                        <a href="/tag/school-of-engineering/" role="menuitem">
                            School of Engineering                        </a>
                    </p>
                                        <p>
                        <a href="/tag/school-of-humanities-arts-social-sciences/" role="menuitem">
                            School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences                        </a>
                    </p>
                                        <p>
                        <a href="/tag/school-of-science/" role="menuitem">
                            School of Science                        </a>
                    </p>
                                        <p>
                        <a href="/tag/mit-sloan-school-of-management/" role="menuitem">
                            Sloan School of Management                        </a>
                    </p>
                                        <p>
                        <a href="/tag/mit-schwarzman-college-of-computing/" role="menuitem">
                            Stephen A. Schwarzman College of Computing                        </a>
                    </p>
                                    </li>
                <li>
                                        <p>
                        <a href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/labs-centers-institutes/" role="menuitem" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">
                            Labs, Centers, and Institutes                        </a>
                    </p>
                                        <p>
                        <a href="https://alum.mit.edu/" role="menuitem" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">
                            MIT Alumni Association                        </a>
                    </p>
                                        <p>
                        <a href="https://development.mit.edu" role="menuitem" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">
                            Resource Development                        </a>
                    </p>
                                    </li>
            </ul>

        </div>
        <div id="support" class="nav-items">
            <a class="back" href="#" role="menuitem"><img
                    src="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/icon-mobile-back.png" height="12px"
                    alt="Navigate Back Button" />Back</a>
            <ul class="scrollable">
                <li>
                    <a class="nav-heading track-link" href="/support">
                        Support
                    </a>
                </li>
                <li>
                                    </li>
            </ul>

        </div>

    </div>
</nav>    <nav class="top-header  container-fluid fixed on" role="menu">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-2 col-sm-2">
            <a href="/?source=mitheaderlogo" class="logo" role="menuitem">
                <svg aria-hidden="true" class="" style="width:80px;">
                    <use xlink:href="#logo-mit-mark"></use>
                </svg>
            </a>
            <svg aria-hidden="true" class="print-only" style="width:150px;">
                    <use xlink:href="#logo-mit-full"></use>
            </svg>
        </div>
        <div class="col-md-8 col-sm-8">
            <ul class="main-navigation">
                <li class="dropdown">
                    <a href="/campaign-priorities/" class="track-link" role="menuitem">Fundraising Priorities</a>
                    <div class="mega-content text-left">
                        <div class="container-fluid">
                            <div class="row">
                                <div class="col-md-10 col-md-offset-1 col-sm-12">
                                    <div class="row">
                                        <div id="mitDiscoveryLabel" class="col-md-3 col-sm-3 text-right">
                                            <div class="menu-section">
                                                Foundational Support
                                            </div>
                                        </div>
                                        <div class="col-md-3 col-sm-3">
                                            <div id="mitDiscoveryItems" class="sub-menu-items">
                                                                                                <a href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/flexible-funding/">
                                                    Flexible Funding                                                </a>
                                                <br>
                                                                                                <a href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/supporting-scholarships-at-mit/">
                                                    Scholarships                                                </a>
                                                <br>
                                                                                                <a href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/supporting-graduate-students-at-mit/">
                                                    Fellowships                                                </a>
                                                <br>
                                                                                                <a href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/supporting-professorships-at-mit/">
                                                    Professorships                                                </a>
                                                <br>
                                                                                                <a href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/a-campus-for-today-and-tomorrow/">
                                                    Campus Infrastructure                                                </a>
                                                <br>
                                                                                            </div>
                                        </div>
                                        <div id="mitCoreLabel" class="col-md-2 col-sm-2 text-right">
                                            <div class="menu-section">
                                                Initiatives and Programs
                                            </div>
                                        </div>
                                        <div class="col-md-3 col-sm-3">
                                            <div id="mitCoreItems" class="sub-menu-items">
                                                                                                <a href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/climate-and-energy/">
                                                    Climate and Energy                                                </a>
                                                <br>
                                                                                                <a href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/health-and-life-sciences/">
                                                    Health and Life Sciences                                                </a>
                                                <br>
                                                                                                <a href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/mit-human-insight-collaborative-mithic/">
                                                    Human Insight                                                </a>
                                                <br>
                                                                                                <a href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/whole-student-experience/">
                                                    Whole Student Experience                                                </a>
                                                <br>
                                                                                            </div>
                                        </div>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </li>
                <li class="dropdown">
                    <a href="/schools-and-units/" class="track-link" role="menuitem">Schools and units</a>
                    <div class="mega-content text-left">
                        <div class="container-fluid">
                            <div class="row">
                                <div class="col-md-10 col-md-offset-1 col-sm-12">
                                    <div class="row">
                                        <div id="schoolUnitsMenuLabel" class="col-md-3 col-sm-3 text-right">
                                            <div class="menu-section">
                                                MIT Schools and Units
                                            </div>
                                        </div>
                                        <div id="schoolUnitsMenuItems" class="col-md-4 col-sm-4">
                                            <div class="sub-menu-items">
                                                                                                <a href="/tag/school-of-architecture-and-planning/">
                                                    School of Architecture and Planning                                                </a>
                                                <br>
                                                                                                <a href="/tag/school-of-engineering/">
                                                    School of Engineering                                                </a>
                                                <br>
                                                                                                <a href="/tag/school-of-humanities-arts-social-sciences/">
                                                    School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences                                                </a>
                                                <br>
                                                                                                <a href="/tag/school-of-science/">
                                                    School of Science                                                </a>
                                                <br>
                                                                                                <a href="/tag/mit-sloan-school-of-management/">
                                                    Sloan School of Management                                                </a>
                                                <br>
                                                                                                <a href="/tag/mit-schwarzman-college-of-computing/">
                                                    Stephen A. Schwarzman College of Computing                                                </a>
                                                <br>
                                                                                            </div>
                                        </div>
                                        <div id="mitAffiliatedItems" class="col-md-5 col-sm-5">
                                            <div class="sub-menu-items">
                                                                                                <a href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/labs-centers-institutes/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">
                                                    Labs, Centers, and Institutes                                                </a>
                                                <br>
                                                                                                <a href="https://alum.mit.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">
                                                    MIT Alumni Association                                                </a>
                                                <br>
                                                                                                <a href="https://development.mit.edu" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">
                                                    Resource Development                                                </a>
                                                <br>
                                                                                            </div>
                                        </div>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </li>
                <li>
                    <a href="https://spectrum.mit.edu/" class="track-link" role="menuitem" target="_blank">MIT Spectrum</a>
                </li>
                <li>
                    <a href="/support" class="track-link" role="menuitem">Support</a>
                </li>
            </ul>
        </div>
        <div class="col-md-2 col-sm-2">
            <ul class="right-navigation">
                <li class="search dropdown " role="search">
                    <a class='show-search-button' href="#" role="menuitem">
                        <img src="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/icon-search.png"
                            alt="Search Button" />
                    </a>
                    <div class="search-content">
                        <div class="search-form">
                            <form method="get" action="/">
                                <input type="text" placeholder="Search" name="s" value="" maxlength="200" role="search"
                                    aria-label="search box">
                                <a href="#" class="clear-input" role="button">
                                    <img src="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/icon-close.png"
                                        width="33px" alt="close search" />
                                </a>
                            </form>
                            <div class="results hide">
                                <ul></ul>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </li>
                                <li class="give ">
                    <a href="https://giving.mit.edu/form?source=WBBW&utm_source=bw-give-button&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=better-world-website&utm_content=main-nav" target="_blank" class="header-button" role="menuitem">Give to MIT</a>
                </li>
            </ul>
        </div>
    </div>
</nav>

    
    <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
     style="display:none" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">

  <!-- ===================== MIT LOGOS ===================== -->

  <!-- MIT brick mark — standard 1360×1040 (non-spectrum pages) -->
  <symbol id="logo-mit-mark" aria-labelledby="title--logo-mit-mark" viewBox="0 0 1360 1040">
    <title id="title--logo-mit-mark">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</title>
    <path fill="#000" d="m720 880h160v-480h-160zm240-560h400v-160h-400zm-240-160h160v160h-160zm-240 720h160v-720h-160zm-240-160h160v-560h-160zm-240 160h160v-720h-160zm960 0h160v-480h-160z"/>
  </symbol>

  <!-- MIT brick mark — compact 1360×720 (spectrum pages) -->
  <symbol id="logo-mit-mark-compact" aria-labelledby="title--logo-mit-mark-compact" viewBox="0 0 1360 720">
    <title id="title--logo-mit-mark-compact">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</title>
    <path fill="#000" d="m720 720h160v-480h-160zm240-560h400v-160h-400zm-240-160h160v160h-160zm-240 720h160v-720h-160zm-240-160h160v-560h-160zm-240 160h160v-720h-160zm960 0h160v-480h-160z"/>
  </symbol>

  <!-- MIT wordmark white (used on dark backgrounds) -->
  <symbol id="logo-mit" aria-labelledby="title--logo-mit" viewBox="0 0 3660 1040">
    <title id="title--logo-mit">MIT</title>
    <path fill="#fff" d="m1737.063 160 28.252 100.42c3.356 12.867 6.713 25.734 8.951 36.363 1.398 6.154 2.517 12.028 3.636 17.623h.56c1.118-5.595 2.237-11.469 3.636-17.623 2.238-10.63 5.035-23.496 8.671-36.364L1819.021 160h57.902v200h-37.762V245.315c0-8.112 0-18.182.839-26.853.28-4.756.56-9.79.84-14.546h-.56c-.84 4.755-1.958 9.23-2.798 13.706-1.958 7.833-3.916 16.784-5.874 24.336L1797.203 360h-38.881l-33.567-118.042c-2.237-7.552-3.916-16.503-5.874-24.336-.839-4.475-1.958-8.95-2.797-13.706h-.56c.28 4.755.56 9.79.84 14.546.28 8.67.839 18.74.839 26.853V360H1680V160zm251.748 184.056h-.56c-3.636 5.594-8.111 10.35-14.545 13.706-6.714 3.357-15.385 5.595-27.692 5.595-29.65 0-50.07-15.105-50.07-43.916 0-15.665 6.154-26.294 16.783-33.287 10.63-6.993 24.615-10.63 40.839-12.867 24.056-3.357 34.686-5.315 34.686-16.224 0-10.63-7.833-17.063-24.057-17.063-17.902 0-26.573 6.154-27.692 20.14h-33.846c.28-12.867 5.595-24.336 15.664-33.007 10.07-8.671 25.175-14.266 46.154-14.266 43.077 0 60.42 19.021 60.42 52.868v73.006c0 10.91 1.678 17.343 5.035 19.86V360h-36.643c-2.238-3.077-3.637-9.51-4.476-15.944zm-8.392-15.944c5.595-5.035 8.672-11.748 8.672-18.741v-21.539c-6.714 4.196-16.783 6.154-26.574 8.392-20.14 4.475-29.65 8.95-29.65 22.377s8.95 18.182 22.377 18.182c10.91 0 19.301-3.357 25.175-8.671zm57.9-14.546h35.244c2.518 16.784 13.987 23.777 31.33 23.777 16.783 0 26.293-6.434 26.293-16.504 0-6.713-4.755-10.63-11.468-13.147-6.993-2.517-16.504-3.916-26.294-5.874-13.147-2.517-25.455-5.314-34.965-11.748-9.79-6.433-15.944-15.944-15.944-31.609 0-15.664 6.153-26.853 17.062-34.685 10.63-7.552 24.896-11.189 41.4-11.189 38.32 0 58.461 18.182 61.538 47.553h-34.406c-1.958-15.665-11.189-20.98-27.692-20.98-15.105 0-24.615 5.315-24.615 15.945 0 6.433 4.755 9.51 12.307 11.748 7.273 2.518 17.063 3.637 27.133 5.875 12.028 2.517 24.615 5.314 34.405 11.748 9.791 6.713 16.225 16.783 16.225 33.566 0 14.545-6.154 26.014-16.784 33.846-10.909 7.832-25.734 12.308-43.636 12.308-41.958 0-64.895-19.86-67.133-50.63zm135.94 0h35.245c2.517 16.784 13.986 23.777 31.329 23.777 16.783 0 26.294-6.434 26.294-16.504 0-6.713-4.756-10.63-11.469-13.147-6.993-2.517-16.503-3.916-26.294-5.874-13.147-2.517-25.454-5.314-34.965-11.748-9.79-6.433-15.944-15.944-15.944-31.609 0-15.664 6.154-26.853 17.063-34.685 10.63-7.552 24.895-11.189 41.398-11.189 38.322 0 58.462 18.182 61.539 47.553h-34.405c-1.958-15.665-11.19-20.98-27.693-20.98-15.105 0-24.615 5.315-24.615 15.945 0 6.433 4.755 9.51 12.307 11.748 7.273 2.518 17.064 3.637 27.134 5.875 12.027 2.517 24.615 5.314 34.405 11.748 9.79 6.713 16.224 16.783 16.224 33.566 0 14.545-6.154 26.014-16.783 33.846-10.91 7.832-25.735 12.308-43.637 12.308-41.958 0-64.895-19.86-67.133-50.63zm230.766 30.49h-.56c-3.636 5.594-8.111 10.35-14.545 13.706-6.713 3.357-15.384 5.595-27.692 5.595-29.65 0-50.07-15.105-50.07-43.916 0-15.665 6.154-26.294 16.783-33.287 10.63-6.993 24.616-10.63 40.84-12.867 24.055-3.357 34.685-5.315 34.685-16.224 0-10.63-7.833-17.063-24.056-17.063-17.902 0-26.574 6.154-27.692 20.14h-33.847c.28-12.867 5.595-24.336 15.665-33.007s25.175-14.266 46.153-14.266c43.078 0 60.42 19.021 60.42 52.868v73.006c0 10.91 1.679 17.343 5.035 19.86V360h-36.643c-2.238-3.077-3.637-9.51-4.476-15.944zm-8.392-15.944c5.595-5.035 8.672-11.748 8.672-18.741v-21.539c-6.714 4.196-16.783 6.154-26.574 8.392-20.14 4.475-29.65 8.95-29.65 22.377s8.951 18.182 22.378 18.182c10.909 0 19.3-3.357 25.174-8.671zm79.718 13.986c-12.867-13.427-19.86-32.448-19.86-53.706 0-21.259 6.993-40.28 19.58-53.986 12.308-13.427 29.93-21.819 52.028-21.819 18.742 0 33.567 5.595 44.755 14.546 10.91 9.23 17.902 22.377 20.42 38.042h-37.203c-2.517-12.867-12.028-22.098-26.293-22.098-23.217 0-34.686 17.063-34.686 45.315 0 27.412 10.63 45.314 34.126 45.314 15.665 0 26.294-7.832 28.811-24.335h36.643c-1.118 15.384-7.832 28.81-18.74 38.601-11.19 10.07-26.854 16.224-45.875 16.224-22.937 0-40.84-8.392-53.706-22.098zm172.028-106.853c10.63-15.385 21.818-22.658 41.678-22.658 15.105 0 27.133 5.595 35.805 15.105 8.671 9.79 13.706 22.937 13.706 38.602V360h-38.042v-88.112c0-15.664-8.671-26.294-24.895-26.294-16.783 0-29.09 13.147-29.09 33.008V360h-38.043V160h38.042v75.245zm203.636 107.972h-.839c-9.79 13.146-20.979 20.699-41.12 20.699-32.167 0-49.789-19.86-49.789-51.748v-95.664h37.763v89.23c0 16.783 7.272 26.014 23.776 26.014 17.902 0 28.81-13.426 28.81-32.447v-82.797h38.042V360h-36.643v-16.783zm50.63-29.65h35.245c2.517 16.783 13.986 23.776 31.328 23.776 16.784 0 26.294-6.434 26.294-16.504 0-6.713-4.755-10.63-11.468-13.147-6.993-2.517-16.504-3.916-26.294-5.874-13.147-2.517-25.454-5.314-34.965-11.748-9.79-6.433-15.944-15.944-15.944-31.609 0-15.664 6.153-26.853 17.063-34.685 10.63-7.552 24.895-11.189 41.398-11.189 38.322 0 58.462 18.182 61.539 47.553h-34.406c-1.958-15.665-11.189-20.98-27.692-20.98-15.105 0-24.615 5.315-24.615 15.945 0 6.433 4.755 9.51 12.307 11.748 7.273 2.518 17.063 3.637 27.133 5.875 12.028 2.517 24.615 5.314 34.406 11.748 9.79 6.713 16.224 16.783 16.224 33.566 0 14.545-6.155 26.014-16.783 33.846-10.91 7.832-25.735 12.308-43.637 12.308-41.958 0-64.895-19.86-67.133-50.63zm156.637 28.53c-12.867-13.426-19.3-32.726-19.3-53.985s7.272-40.28 19.86-53.706c12.307-13.427 29.93-21.819 50.909-21.819 23.216 0 40.559 8.672 52.587 24.056s18.182 36.644 18.182 62.378h-104.056c3.077 22.378 14.825 35.804 36.643 35.804 15.105 0 23.497-6.713 27.693-17.622h37.482c-2.518 12.867-9.51 24.335-20.42 33.007-11.188 8.671-26.013 13.986-44.475 13.986-24.056 0-42.238-8.392-55.105-22.098zm18.741-69.37h63.777c-1.12-18.461-12.868-30.77-30.49-30.77-20.14 0-29.93 11.75-33.287 30.77zm128.112-56.223v-44.755h37.202v44.755h24.616v26.573h-24.616v74.685c0 10.91 5.595 14.266 14.267 14.266h7.272c1.398 0 2.518 0 3.916-.28v27.972c-1.958.28-3.916.28-6.154.28-4.196.28-10.07.28-17.622.28-9.23 0-18.741-1.679-26.294-6.993-7.552-5.315-12.587-13.986-12.587-27.413v-82.797h-19.86v-26.573zm88.39 0v-44.755h37.202v44.755h24.616v26.573h-24.616v74.685c0 10.91 5.594 14.266 14.266 14.266h7.272c1.4 0 2.518 0 3.916-.28v27.972c-1.958.28-3.916.28-6.153.28-4.196.28-10.07.28-17.623.28-9.23 0-18.74-1.679-26.293-6.993-7.553-5.315-12.588-13.986-12.588-27.413v-82.797h-19.86v-26.573zm72.16 97.062h35.245c2.518 16.784 13.987 23.777 31.329 23.777 16.783 0 26.294-6.434 26.294-16.504 0-6.713-4.755-10.63-11.469-13.147-6.992-2.517-16.503-3.916-26.293-5.874-13.147-2.517-25.455-5.314-34.965-11.748-9.79-6.433-15.944-15.944-15.944-31.609 0-15.664 6.153-26.853 17.063-34.685 10.629-7.552 24.894-11.189 41.398-11.189 38.322 0 58.462 18.182 61.538 47.553h-34.405c-1.958-15.665-11.189-20.98-27.693-20.98-15.104 0-24.615 5.315-24.615 15.945 0 6.433 4.755 9.51 12.308 11.748 7.273 2.518 17.063 3.637 27.133 5.875 12.028 2.517 24.615 5.314 34.405 11.748 9.79 6.713 16.224 16.783 16.224 33.566 0 14.545-6.154 26.014-16.783 33.846-10.91 7.832-25.734 12.308-43.636 12.308-41.958 0-64.895-19.86-67.133-50.63zM1720.56 420v200H1680V420zm64.333 76.084c9.79-15.664 22.657-23.497 42.517-23.497 15.105 0 27.133 5.595 35.804 15.105 8.672 9.79 13.707 22.937 13.707 38.602V620h-38.043v-88.112c0-15.664-8.67-26.294-24.895-26.294-16.783 0-29.09 13.148-29.09 33.008V620h-38.043V476.504h37.203v19.58zm104.894 77.482h35.245c2.517 16.784 13.986 23.777 31.328 23.777 16.784 0 26.295-6.434 26.295-16.504 0-6.713-4.756-10.63-11.469-13.147-6.993-2.517-16.504-3.916-26.294-5.874-13.147-2.517-25.454-5.314-34.965-11.748-9.79-6.433-15.944-15.944-15.944-31.609 0-15.664 6.154-26.853 17.063-34.685 10.63-7.552 24.895-11.189 41.398-11.189 38.322 0 58.462 18.182 61.539 47.553h-34.405c-1.958-15.665-11.19-20.98-27.693-20.98-15.105 0-24.615 5.315-24.615 15.945 0 6.433 4.755 9.51 12.307 11.748 7.273 2.518 17.064 3.637 27.133 5.875 12.028 2.517 24.616 5.314 34.406 11.748 9.79 6.713 16.224 16.783 16.224 33.566 0 14.545-6.154 26.014-16.783 33.846-10.91 7.833-25.735 12.308-43.637 12.308-41.958 0-64.895-19.86-67.133-50.63zm151.606-97.062v-44.755h37.203v44.755h24.616v26.573h-24.616v74.685c0 10.91 5.595 14.266 14.266 14.266h7.273c1.398 0 2.517 0 3.916-.28v27.973c-1.958.279-3.916.279-6.154.279-4.196.28-10.07.28-17.622.28-9.23 0-18.742-1.678-26.294-6.993-7.553-5.315-12.588-13.986-12.588-27.413v-82.797h-19.86v-26.573zm117.76-51.189v34.126h-38.043v-34.126zm0 51.189V620h-38.043V476.504zm34.405 0v-44.755h37.203v44.755h24.615v26.573h-24.615v74.685c0 10.91 5.594 14.266 14.266 14.266h7.272c1.399 0 2.518 0 3.916-.28v27.973c-1.958.279-3.916.279-6.153.279-4.197.28-10.07.28-17.623.28-9.23 0-18.741-1.678-26.294-6.993-7.552-5.315-12.587-13.986-12.587-27.413v-82.797h-19.86v-26.573zm170.346 126.713h-.84c-9.79 13.146-20.978 20.699-41.118 20.699-32.168 0-49.79-19.86-49.79-51.748v-95.664h37.762v89.23c0 16.783 7.272 26.014 23.776 26.014 17.902 0 28.811-13.426 28.811-32.447v-82.797h38.042V620h-36.643v-16.783zm71.05-126.713v-44.755h37.202v44.755h24.616v26.573h-24.616v74.685c0 10.91 5.595 14.266 14.266 14.266h7.273c1.398 0 2.517 0 3.916-.28v27.973c-1.958.279-3.916.279-6.154.279-4.196.28-10.07.28-17.622.28-9.23 0-18.741-1.679-26.294-6.993-7.552-5.315-12.587-13.986-12.587-27.413v-82.797h-19.86v-26.573zm90.629 125.594c-12.868-13.427-19.302-32.727-19.302-53.986s7.273-40.28 19.86-53.706c12.309-13.427 29.93-21.819 50.91-21.819 23.216 0 40.56 8.672 52.587 24.056 12.028 15.385 18.182 36.644 18.182 62.378h-104.056c3.077 22.378 14.825 35.804 36.643 35.804 15.105 0 23.497-6.713 27.693-17.622h37.482c-2.517 12.867-9.51 24.335-20.42 33.007-11.188 8.671-26.013 13.986-44.475 13.986-24.056 0-42.237-8.392-55.104-22.098zm18.74-69.37h63.777c-1.119-18.462-12.868-30.77-30.49-30.77-20.14 0-29.93 11.748-33.286 30.77zm178.74 69.37c-13.427-13.427-20.979-32.448-20.979-53.706s7.552-40.28 20.979-53.986c13.147-13.427 31.609-21.819 53.986-21.819s40.839 8.392 54.266 21.819c13.147 13.706 20.7 32.727 20.7 53.986s-7.553 40.28-20.7 53.706c-13.427 13.706-31.888 22.098-54.266 22.098s-40.839-8.392-53.986-22.098zm90.35-53.706c0-28.252-12.868-46.994-36.364-46.994-23.496 0-36.363 18.742-36.363 46.994 0 27.972 12.867 46.713 36.363 46.713s36.364-18.741 36.364-46.713zm62.936-71.888v-12.868c0-17.622 6.713-29.37 18.182-36.363 11.188-6.713 27.133-8.951 45.594-6.993v29.37c-17.902-.839-25.734 1.12-25.734 16.224v10.63h25.734v27.412h-25.734V620h-38.042V503.916h-19.58v-27.412zM1780.699 680v34.126h-60.14V880H1680V714.126h-60.14V680zm-4.194 182.098c-12.868-13.427-19.301-32.727-19.301-53.986s7.273-40.28 19.86-53.706c12.308-13.427 29.93-21.819 50.91-21.819 23.216 0 40.558 8.672 52.586 24.056 12.029 15.385 18.183 36.644 18.183 62.378h-104.056c3.077 22.378 14.825 35.804 36.643 35.804 15.105 0 23.496-6.713 27.692-17.622h37.483c-2.518 12.867-9.511 24.335-20.42 33.007-11.189 8.671-26.014 13.986-44.475 13.986-24.056 0-42.238-8.392-55.105-22.098zm18.741-69.37h63.776c-1.119-18.462-12.867-30.77-30.49-30.77-20.14 0-29.93 11.748-33.286 30.77zm132.305 69.37c-12.867-13.427-19.86-32.448-19.86-53.706s6.993-40.28 19.58-53.986c12.308-13.427 29.93-21.819 52.029-21.819 18.741 0 33.566 5.595 44.755 14.546 10.909 9.23 17.902 22.377 20.42 38.042h-37.203c-2.518-12.867-12.028-22.098-26.294-22.098-23.217 0-34.685 17.063-34.685 45.315 0 27.412 10.629 45.314 34.126 45.314 15.664 0 26.293-7.832 28.81-24.335h36.644c-1.119 15.384-7.832 28.81-18.741 38.6-11.189 10.071-26.853 16.225-45.874 16.225-22.937 0-40.84-8.392-53.707-22.098zm172.03-106.853c10.629-15.385 21.817-22.658 41.677-22.658 15.105 0 27.133 5.595 35.805 15.105 8.671 9.79 13.706 22.937 13.706 38.602V880h-38.042v-88.112c0-15.664-8.671-26.294-24.895-26.294-16.783 0-29.09 13.148-29.09 33.008V880h-38.043V680h38.042v75.245zm151.047.839c9.79-15.664 22.657-23.497 42.518-23.497 15.105 0 27.133 5.595 35.804 15.105 8.671 9.79 13.706 22.937 13.706 38.602V880h-38.042v-88.112c0-15.664-8.67-26.294-24.895-26.294-16.783 0-29.09 13.148-29.09 33.008V880h-38.043V736.504h37.203v19.58zm127.832 106.014c-13.427-13.427-20.979-32.448-20.979-53.706s7.552-40.28 20.979-53.986c13.147-13.427 31.609-21.819 53.986-21.819s40.839 8.392 54.266 21.819c13.147 13.706 20.7 32.727 20.7 53.986s-7.553 40.28-20.7 53.706c-13.427 13.706-31.888 22.098-54.266 22.098s-40.839-8.392-53.986-22.098zm90.35-53.706c0-28.252-12.868-46.994-36.364-46.994-23.496 0-36.363 18.742-36.363 46.994 0 27.972 12.867 46.713 36.363 46.713s36.364-18.741 36.364-46.713zM2561.955 680v200h-38.043V680zm37.481 182.098c-13.426-13.427-20.979-32.448-20.979-53.706s7.553-40.28 20.98-53.986c13.146-13.427 31.608-21.819 53.985-21.819 22.378 0 40.84 8.392 54.266 21.819 13.147 13.706 20.7 32.727 20.7 53.986s-7.553 40.28-20.7 53.706c-13.427 13.706-31.888 22.098-54.266 22.098-22.377 0-40.839-8.392-53.986-22.098zm90.35-53.706c0-28.252-12.867-46.994-36.364-46.994-23.496 0-36.363 18.742-36.363 46.994 0 27.972 12.867 46.713 36.363 46.713 23.497 0 36.364-18.741 36.364-46.713zm50.628 75.804h37.762c3.077 8.951 10.909 15.944 28.81 15.944 21.26 0 31.889-9.79 31.889-29.93v-15.665h-.84c-8.67 9.79-19.02 16.783-37.482 16.783-16.223 0-31.608-6.153-43.356-18.181-12.028-11.748-19.86-28.532-19.86-50.35 0-21.258 6.433-38.881 17.622-51.189 10.91-12.307 26.014-19.02 44.475-19.02 17.902 0 31.05 6.992 39.721 19.02h.559v-15.104h36.644V869.09c0 20.14-6.154 33.846-17.063 43.636-12.028 11.19-30.49 16.224-51.749 16.224-39.72 0-62.937-16.783-67.132-44.755zM2833 829.371c5.314-6.993 7.832-16.504 7.832-27.413 0-10.63-2.797-20.42-8.392-27.413s-13.986-11.468-25.734-11.468c-19.58 0-32.168 14.825-32.168 39.16 0 24.616 12.588 38.602 32.448 38.602 12.028 0 20.42-4.475 26.014-11.468zm82.797 67.692c15.384 0 21.258-7.552 21.258-19.58 0-3.637-.559-8.392-2.237-14.266-1.958-5.874-4.475-13.707-8.672-24.616l-38.6-102.097h39.999l21.259 64.615c2.237 6.713 4.195 14.266 6.153 20.7.84 3.636 1.958 6.992 3.078 10.629h.559c.84-3.637 1.679-6.993 2.518-10.63 1.398-6.433 3.636-13.986 5.874-20.699l20.14-64.615h38.321l-50.07 147.133c-5.594 16.223-10.909 26.853-18.461 33.566-7.833 6.993-17.623 9.79-32.168 9.79h-22.378v-29.93h13.427zM880 880h160V400H880zm240-560h400V160h-400zM880 160h160v160H880zM640 880h160V160H640zM400 720h160V160H400zM160 880h160V160H160zm960 0h160V400h-160z"/>
  </symbol>

  <!-- MIT full wordmark black -->
  <symbol id="logo-mit-full" aria-labelledby="title--logo-mit-full" viewBox="0 0 3334.2 1040">
    <title id="title--logo-mit-full">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</title>
    <path fill="#000" d="m1577.1 160 28.3 100.4c3.4 12.9 6.7 25.7 9 36.4 1.4 6.2 2.5 12 3.6 17.6h.6c1.1-5.6 2.2-11.5 3.6-17.6 2.2-10.6 5-23.5 8.7-36.4l28.1-100.4h57.9v200h-37.8v-114.7c0-8.1 0-18.2.8-26.9.3-4.8.6-9.8.8-14.5h-.6c-.8 4.8-2 9.2-2.8 13.7-2 7.8-3.9 16.8-5.9 24.3l-34.4 118h-38.9l-33.6-118c-2.2-7.6-3.9-16.5-5.9-24.3-.8-4.5-2-9-2.8-13.7h-.6c.3 4.8.6 9.8.8 14.5.3 8.7.8 18.7.8 26.9v114.7h-36.8v-200zm251.7 184.1h-.6c-3.6 5.6-8.1 10.3-14.5 13.7-6.7 3.4-15.4 5.6-27.7 5.6-29.7 0-50.1-15.1-50.1-43.9 0-15.7 6.2-26.3 16.8-33.3s24.6-10.6 40.8-12.9c24.1-3.4 34.7-5.3 34.7-16.2 0-10.6-7.8-17.1-24.1-17.1-17.9 0-26.6 6.2-27.7 20.1h-33.8c.3-12.9 5.6-24.3 15.7-33s25.2-14.3 46.2-14.3c43.1 0 60.4 19 60.4 52.9v73c0 10.9 1.7 17.3 5 19.9v1.4h-36.6c-2.3-3.1-3.6-9.5-4.5-15.9zm-8.4-16c5.6-5 8.7-11.7 8.7-18.7v-21.5c-6.7 4.2-16.8 6.2-26.6 8.4-20.1 4.5-29.7 9-29.7 22.4s9 18.2 22.4 18.2c11-.1 19.3-3.5 25.2-8.8zm57.9-14.5h35.2c2.5 16.8 14 23.8 31.3 23.8 16.8 0 26.3-6.4 26.3-16.5 0-6.7-4.8-10.6-11.5-13.1-7-2.5-16.5-3.9-26.3-5.9-13.1-2.5-25.5-5.3-35-11.7-9.8-6.4-15.9-15.9-15.9-31.6s6.2-26.9 17.1-34.7c10.6-7.6 24.9-11.2 41.4-11.2 38.3 0 58.5 18.2 61.5 47.6h-34.4c-2-15.7-11.2-21-27.7-21-15.1 0-24.6 5.3-24.6 15.9 0 6.4 4.8 9.5 12.3 11.7 7.3 2.5 17.1 3.6 27.1 5.9 12 2.5 24.6 5.3 34.4 11.7 9.8 6.7 16.2 16.8 16.2 33.6 0 14.5-6.2 26-16.8 33.8-10.9 7.8-25.7 12.3-43.6 12.3-41.8-0-64.7-19.9-67-50.6zm136 0h35.2c2.5 16.8 14 23.8 31.3 23.8 16.8 0 26.3-6.4 26.3-16.5 0-6.7-4.8-10.6-11.5-13.1-7-2.5-16.5-3.9-26.3-5.9-13.1-2.5-25.5-5.3-35-11.7-9.8-6.4-15.9-15.9-15.9-31.6s6.2-26.9 17.1-34.7c10.6-7.6 24.9-11.2 41.4-11.2 38.3 0 58.5 18.2 61.5 47.6h-34.4c-2-15.7-11.2-21-27.7-21-15.1 0-24.6 5.3-24.6 15.9 0 6.4 4.8 9.5 12.3 11.7 7.3 2.5 17.1 3.6 27.1 5.9 12 2.5 24.6 5.3 34.4 11.7 9.8 6.7 16.2 16.8 16.2 33.6 0 14.5-6.2 26-16.8 33.8-10.9 7.8-25.7 12.3-43.6 12.3-41.9-0-64.8-19.9-67-50.6zm230.7 30.5h-.6c-3.6 5.6-8.1 10.3-14.5 13.7-6.7 3.4-15.4 5.6-27.7 5.6-29.7 0-50.1-15.1-50.1-43.9 0-15.7 6.2-26.3 16.8-33.3s24.6-10.6 40.8-12.9c24.1-3.4 34.7-5.3 34.7-16.2 0-10.6-7.8-17.1-24.1-17.1-17.9 0-26.6 6.2-27.7 20.1h-33.8c.3-12.9 5.6-24.3 15.7-33s25.2-14.3 46.2-14.3c43.1 0 60.4 19 60.4 52.9v73c0 10.9 1.7 17.3 5 19.9v1.4h-36.6c-2.2-3.1-3.6-9.5-4.5-15.9zm-8.4-16c5.6-5 8.7-11.7 8.7-18.7v-21.5c-6.7 4.2-16.8 6.2-26.6 8.4-20.1 4.5-29.7 9-29.7 22.4s9 18.2 22.4 18.2c11-.1 19.4-3.5 25.2-8.8zm79.8 14c-12.9-13.4-19.9-32.4-19.9-53.7s7-40.3 19.6-54c12.3-13.4 29.9-21.8 52-21.8 18.7 0 33.6 5.6 44.8 14.5 10.9 9.2 17.9 22.4 20.4 38h-37.2c-2.5-12.9-12-22.1-26.3-22.1-23.2 0-34.7 17.1-34.7 45.3 0 27.4 10.6 45.3 34.1 45.3 15.7 0 26.3-7.8 28.8-24.3h36.6c-1.1 15.4-7.8 28.8-18.7 38.6-11.2 10.1-26.9 16.2-45.9 16.2-22.9.1-40.8-8.3-53.6-22zm172-106.9c10.6-15.4 21.8-22.7 41.7-22.7 15.1 0 27.1 5.6 35.8 15.1 8.7 9.8 13.7 22.9 13.7 38.6v93.8h-38v-88.1c0-15.7-8.7-26.3-24.9-26.3-16.8 0-29.1 13.1-29.1 33v81.4h-38v-200h38v75.2zm203.6 108h-.8c-9.8 13.1-21 20.7-41.1 20.7-32.2 0-49.8-19.9-49.8-51.7v-95.7h37.8v89.2c0 16.8 7.3 26 23.8 26 17.9 0 28.8-13.4 28.8-32.4v-82.8h38v143.5h-36.7zm50.6-29.6h35.2c2.5 16.8 14 23.8 31.3 23.8 16.8 0 26.3-6.4 26.3-16.5 0-6.7-4.8-10.6-11.5-13.1-7-2.5-16.5-3.9-26.3-5.9-13.1-2.5-25.5-5.3-35-11.7-9.8-6.4-15.9-15.9-15.9-31.6s6.2-26.9 17.1-34.7c10.6-7.6 24.9-11.2 41.4-11.2 38.3 0 58.5 18.2 61.5 47.6h-34.4c-2-15.7-11.2-21-27.7-21-15.1 0-24.6 5.3-24.6 15.9 0 6.4 4.8 9.5 12.3 11.7 7.3 2.5 17.1 3.6 27.1 5.9 12 2.5 24.6 5.3 34.4 11.7 9.8 6.7 16.2 16.8 16.2 33.6 0 14.5-6.2 26-16.8 33.8-10.9 7.8-25.7 12.3-43.6 12.3-41.8-0-64.7-19.9-67-50.6zm156.7 28.5c-12.9-13.4-19.3-32.7-19.3-54s7.3-40.3 19.9-53.7c12.3-13.4 29.9-21.8 50.9-21.8 23.2 0 40.6 8.7 52.6 24.1s18.2 36.6 18.2 62.4h-104.1c3.1 22.4 14.8 35.8 36.6 35.8 15.1 0 23.5-6.7 27.7-17.6h37.5c-2.5 12.9-9.5 24.3-20.4 33-11.2 8.7-26 14-44.5 14-24.1-.1-42.3-8.5-55.1-22.2zm18.7-69.4h63.8c-1.1-18.5-12.9-30.8-30.5-30.8-20.1.1-29.9 11.8-33.3 30.8zm128.1-56.2v-44.8h37.2v44.8h24.6v26.6h-24.6v74.7c0 10.9 5.6 14.3 14.3 14.3h7.3c1.4 0 2.5 0 3.9-.3v28c-2 .3-3.9.3-6.2.3-4.2.3-10.1.3-17.6.3-9.2 0-18.7-1.7-26.3-7s-12.6-14-12.6-27.4v-82.8h-19.9v-26.6h19.9zm88.4 0v-44.8h37.2v44.8h24.6v26.6h-24.6v74.7c0 10.9 5.6 14.3 14.3 14.3h7.3c1.4 0 2.5 0 3.9-.3v28c-2 .3-3.9.3-6.2.3-4.2.3-10.1.3-17.6.3-9.2 0-18.7-1.7-26.3-7s-12.6-14-12.6-27.4v-82.8h-19.9v-26.6h19.9zm72.2 97.1h35.2c2.5 16.8 14 23.8 31.3 23.8 16.8 0 26.3-6.4 26.3-16.5 0-6.7-4.8-10.6-11.5-13.1-7-2.5-16.5-3.9-26.3-5.9-13.1-2.5-25.5-5.3-35-11.7-9.8-6.4-15.9-15.9-15.9-31.6s6.2-26.9 17.1-34.7c10.6-7.6 24.9-11.2 41.4-11.2 38.3 0 58.5 18.2 61.5 47.6h-34.4c-2-15.7-11.2-21-27.7-21-15.1 0-24.6 5.3-24.6 15.9 0 6.4 4.8 9.5 12.3 11.7 7.3 2.5 17.1 3.6 27.1 5.9 12 2.5 24.6 5.3 34.4 11.7 9.8 6.7 16.2 16.8 16.2 33.6 0 14.5-6.2 26-16.8 33.8-10.9 7.8-25.7 12.3-43.6 12.3-41.8-0-64.8-19.9-67-50.6zm-1646.1 106.4v200h-40.6v-200zm64.3 76.1c9.8-15.7 22.7-23.5 42.5-23.5 15.1 0 27.1 5.6 35.8 15.1 8.7 9.8 13.7 22.9 13.7 38.6v93.7h-38v-88.1c0-15.7-8.7-26.3-24.9-26.3-16.8 0-29.1 13.1-29.1 33v81.4h-38v-143.5h37.2v19.6zm104.9 77.5h35.2c2.5 16.8 14 23.8 31.3 23.8 16.8 0 26.3-6.4 26.3-16.5 0-6.7-4.8-10.6-11.5-13.1-7-2.5-16.5-3.9-26.3-5.9-13.1-2.5-25.5-5.3-35-11.7-9.8-6.4-15.9-15.9-15.9-31.6s6.2-26.9 17.1-34.7c10.6-7.6 24.9-11.2 41.4-11.2 38.3 0 58.5 18.2 61.5 47.6h-34.4c-2-15.7-11.2-21-27.7-21-15.1 0-24.6 5.3-24.6 15.9 0 6.4 4.8 9.5 12.3 11.7 7.3 2.5 17.1 3.6 27.1 5.9 12 2.5 24.6 5.3 34.4 11.7 9.8 6.7 16.2 16.8 16.2 33.6 0 14.5-6.2 26-16.8 33.8-10.9 7.8-25.7 12.3-43.6 12.3-41.8 0-64.8-19.9-67-50.6zm151.6-97.1v-44.8h37.2v44.8h24.6v26.6h-24.6v74.7c0 10.9 5.6 14.3 14.3 14.3h7.3c1.4 0 2.5 0 3.9-.3v28c-2 .3-3.9.3-6.2.3-4.2.3-10.1.3-17.6.3-9.2 0-18.7-1.7-26.3-7s-12.6-14-12.6-27.4v-82.8h-19.9v-26.6h19.9zm117.8-51.2v34.1h-38v-34.1zm0 51.2v143.5h-38v-143.5zm34.4 0v-44.8h37.2v44.8h24.6v26.6h-24.6v74.7c0 10.9 5.6 14.3 14.3 14.3h7.3c1.4 0 2.5 0 3.9-.3v28c-2 .3-3.9.3-6.2.3-4.2.3-10.1.3-17.6.3-9.2 0-18.7-1.7-26.3-7s-12.6-14-12.6-27.4v-82.8h-19.9v-26.6h19.9zm170.3 126.7h-.8c-9.8 13.1-21 20.7-41.1 20.7-32.2 0-49.8-19.9-49.8-51.7v-95.7h37.8v89.2c0 16.8 7.3 26 23.8 26 17.9 0 28.8-13.4 28.8-32.4v-82.8h38v143.5h-36.6v-16.8zm71.1-126.7v-44.8h37.2v44.8h24.6v26.6h-24.6v74.7c0 10.9 5.6 14.3 14.3 14.3h7.3c1.4 0 2.5 0 3.9-.3v28c-2 .3-3.9.3-6.2.3-4.2.3-10.1.3-17.6.3-9.2 0-18.7-1.7-26.3-7s-12.6-14-12.6-27.4v-82.8h-19.9v-26.6h19.9zm90.6 125.6c-12.9-13.4-19.3-32.7-19.3-54s7.3-40.3 19.9-53.7c12.3-13.4 29.9-21.8 50.9-21.8 23.2 0 40.6 8.7 52.6 24.1s18.2 36.6 18.2 62.4h-104.1c3.1 22.4 14.8 35.8 36.6 35.8 15.1 0 23.5-6.7 27.7-17.6h37.5c-2.5 12.9-9.5 24.3-20.4 33-11.2 8.7-26 14-44.5 14-24.1-.1-42.3-8.5-55.1-22.2zm18.7-69.4h63.8c-1.1-18.5-12.9-30.8-30.5-30.8-20.1.1-29.9 11.8-33.3 30.8zm178.8 69.4c-13.4-13.4-21-32.4-21-53.7s7.6-40.3 21-54c13.1-13.4 31.6-21.8 54-21.8s40.8 8.4 54.3 21.8c13.1 13.7 20.7 32.7 20.7 54s-7.6 40.3-20.7 53.7c-13.4 13.7-31.9 22.1-54.3 22.1s-40.9-8.4-54-22.1zm90.3-53.7c0-28.3-12.9-47-36.4-47s-36.4 18.7-36.4 47c0 28 12.9 46.7 36.4 46.7s36.4-18.7 36.4-46.7zm62.9-71.9v-12.9c0-17.6 6.7-29.4 18.2-36.4 11.2-6.7 27.1-9 45.6-7v29.4c-17.9-.8-25.7 1.1-25.7 16.2v10.6h25.7v27.4h-25.7v116.2h-38v-116.1h-19.6v-27.4zm-1095.6 203.5v34.1h-60.1v165.9h-40.6v-165.9h-60.1v-34.1zm-4.2 182.1c-12.9-13.4-19.3-32.7-19.3-54s7.3-40.3 19.9-53.7c12.3-13.4 29.9-21.8 50.9-21.8 23.2 0 40.6 8.7 52.6 24.1s18.2 36.6 18.2 62.4h-104.1c3.1 22.4 14.8 35.8 36.6 35.8 15.1 0 23.5-6.7 27.7-17.6h37.5c-2.5 12.9-9.5 24.3-20.4 33-11.2 8.7-26 14-44.5 14-24-.1-42.2-8.5-55.1-22.2zm18.7-69.4h63.8c-1.1-18.5-12.9-30.8-30.5-30.8-20.1.1-29.9 11.8-33.3 30.8zm132.4 69.4c-12.9-13.4-19.9-32.4-19.9-53.7s7-40.3 19.6-54c12.3-13.4 29.9-21.8 52-21.8 18.7 0 33.6 5.6 44.8 14.5 10.9 9.2 17.9 22.4 20.4 38h-37.2c-2.5-12.9-12-22.1-26.3-22.1-23.2 0-34.7 17.1-34.7 45.3 0 27.4 10.6 45.3 34.1 45.3 15.7 0 26.3-7.8 28.8-24.3h36.6c-1.1 15.4-7.8 28.8-18.7 38.6-11.2 10.1-26.9 16.2-45.9 16.2-22.9.1-40.8-8.3-53.6-22zm172-106.9c10.6-15.4 21.8-22.7 41.7-22.7 15.1 0 27.1 5.6 35.8 15.1 8.7 9.8 13.7 22.9 13.7 38.6v93.8h-38v-88.1c0-15.7-8.7-26.3-24.9-26.3-16.8 0-29.1 13.1-29.1 33v81.4h-38v-200h38v75.2zm151 .9c9.8-15.7 22.7-23.5 42.5-23.5 15.1 0 27.1 5.6 35.8 15.1 8.7 9.8 13.7 22.9 13.7 38.6v93.7h-38v-88.1c0-15.7-8.7-26.3-24.9-26.3-16.8 0-29.1 13.1-29.1 33v81.4h-38v-143.5h37.2v19.6zm127.9 106c-13.4-13.4-21-32.4-21-53.7s7.6-40.3 21-54c13.1-13.4 31.6-21.8 54-21.8s40.8 8.4 54.3 21.8c13.1 13.7 20.7 32.7 20.7 54s-7.6 40.3-20.7 53.7c-13.4 13.7-31.9 22.1-54.3 22.1s-40.9-8.4-54-22.1zm90.3-53.7c0-28.3-12.9-47-36.4-47s-36.4 18.7-36.4 47c0 28 12.9 46.7 36.4 46.7s36.4-18.7 36.4-46.7zm93.2-128.4v200h-38v-200zm37.4 182.1c-13.4-13.4-21-32.4-21-53.7s7.6-40.3 21-54c13.1-13.4 31.6-21.8 54-21.8s40.8 8.4 54.3 21.8c13.1 13.7 20.7 32.7 20.7 54s-7.6 40.3-20.7 53.7c-13.4 13.7-31.9 22.1-54.3 22.1s-40.8-8.4-54-22.1zm90.4-53.7c0-28.3-12.9-47-36.4-47s-36.4 18.7-36.4 47c0 28 12.9 46.7 36.4 46.7s36.4-18.7 36.4-46.7zm50.6 75.8h37.8c3.1 9 10.9 15.9 28.8 15.9 21.3 0 31.9-9.8 31.9-29.9v-15.7h-.8c-8.7 9.8-19 16.8-37.5 16.8-16.2 0-31.6-6.2-43.4-18.2-12-11.7-19.9-28.5-19.9-50.3 0-21.3 6.4-38.9 17.6-51.2 10.9-12.3 26-19 44.5-19 17.9 0 31 7 39.7 19h.6v-15.1h36.6v132.6c0 20.1-6.2 33.8-17.1 43.6-12 11.2-30.5 16.2-51.7 16.2-39.7.1-62.9-16.7-67.1-44.7zm92.6-54.8c5.3-7 7.8-16.5 7.8-27.4 0-10.6-2.8-20.4-8.4-27.4s-14-11.5-25.7-11.5c-19.6 0-32.2 14.8-32.2 39.2 0 24.6 12.6 38.6 32.4 38.6 12.1-.1 20.5-4.5 26.1-11.5zm82.8 67.7c15.4 0 21.3-7.6 21.3-19.6 0-3.6-.6-8.4-2.2-14.3-2-5.9-4.5-13.7-8.7-24.6l-38.6-102.1h40l21.3 64.6c2.2 6.7 4.2 14.3 6.2 20.7.8 3.6 2 7 3.1 10.6h.6c.8-3.6 1.7-7 2.5-10.6 1.4-6.4 3.6-14 5.9-20.7l20.1-64.6h38.3l-50.1 147.1c-5.6 16.2-10.9 26.9-18.5 33.6-7.8 7-17.6 9.8-32.2 9.8h-22.4v-29.9zm-2035.8-17.1h160v-480h-160zm240-560h400v-160h-400zm-240-160h160v160h-160zm-240 720h160v-720h-160zm-240-160h160v-560h-160zm-240 160h160v-720h-160zm960 0h160v-480h-160z"/>
  </symbol>

  <!-- MIT Spectrum wordmark (responsive) -->
  <symbol id="mit-logo-spectrum" aria-labelledby="title--mit-logo-spectrum" width="100%" height="100%" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet">
    <title id="title--mit-logo-spectrum">MIT Spectrum</title>
    <path fill="currentColor" d="M28.95 38.93c6.86 1.24 11.94 3.29 11.94 8.82 0 6.95-7.22 9-12.92 9-7.66 0-14.25-2.85-15.68-12.29H0c1.16 13.9 11.67 22.45 27.52 22.45 13.01 0 26.19-6.5 26.19-19.77S42.13 29.59 31.62 27.72l-8.46-1.52c-5.17-.98-9-3.47-9-8.02 0-5.79 6.59-8.02 12.47-8.02s12.65 2.49 13.63 10.07h12.3C51.93 7.84 40.53 0 27.17 0 15.23 0 1.43 5.7 1.43 18.71c0 11.22 8.82 16.66 19.33 18.71l8.19 1.52zm54.52 18.53c-6.77 0-11.22-5.88-11.22-15.68s4.45-15.59 11.22-15.59 10.69 6.32 10.69 15.68-4.01 15.59-10.69 15.59M72.69 81.34V59.69c3.03 5.26 8.73 7.22 13.72 7.22 11.76 0 20.67-9.8 20.67-25.12S98.44 16.76 86.5 16.76c-6.06 0-11.22 2.76-13.81 7.22v-6.15H60.4v63.52h12.29zm61.96-14.43c13.27 0 19.78-7.93 22.36-15.05h-12.65c-1.9 3.6-5.73 5.76-9.8 5.52-6.86 0-11.58-5.08-11.76-12.2h34.74c.53-16.92-8.2-28.42-23.25-28.42s-23.78 10.6-23.78 24.85 8.46 25.3 24.14 25.3m-.62-41.15c5.43 0 10.78 2.85 11.05 10.96H122.9c.71-7.3 6.15-10.96 11.14-10.96m50.73-9c-14.61 0-23.78 10.51-23.78 25.12s8.64 25.03 23.25 25.03c10.15 0 19.6-4.36 22.45-17.46h-11.76c-1.6 5.79-5.61 7.93-10.07 7.93-7.04 0-11.31-5.61-11.31-15.68s4.54-15.41 11.22-15.41a9.787 9.787 0 0 1 9.71 7.93h11.76c-1.6-11.94-11.22-17.46-21.47-17.46m29.63 1.07h-6.77v8.46h6.77v26.54c0 9.53 2.14 12.92 13.09 12.92h9v-8.82h-3.74c-4.37 0-6.06-.98-6.06-5.88V26.29h9.98v-8.46h-9.98V4.81H214.4v13.01zm54.83.27c-.8-.09-1.87-.18-2.67-.18-5.52 0-9.89 2.41-12.65 8.28v-8.37H241.8v47.92h12.29V40.63c0-9 4.01-11.22 10.07-11.22 1.7 0 3.39.09 5.08.27V18.1zm33.85 47.65h12.29V17.82h-12.29v24.94c0 7.57-1.87 14.25-9.98 14.25-6.95 0-7.84-5.17-7.84-11.58V17.82h-12.29v30.29c0 11.76 4.63 18.8 16.12 18.8 5.88 0 11.22-2.67 13.98-7.48v6.32zm80.03-27.88v27.88h12.29v-30.2c0-11.31-4.19-18.8-16.21-18.8-7.21 0-12.03 2.49-15.77 7.84-1.87-3.47-5.43-7.84-13.63-7.84-5.79 0-10.69 2.67-13.36 7.39v-6.32h-12.29v47.93h12.29V40.81c0-7.3 1.34-14.16 9.53-14.16 7.21 0 7.66 5.97 7.66 11.22v27.88h12.29V40.81c0-7.3 1.34-14.16 9.53-14.16 7.21 0 7.66 5.97 7.66 11.22"/>
  </symbol>

  <!-- MIT Spectrum wordmark mobile -->
  <symbol id="mit-logo-spectrum-mobile" aria-labelledby="title--mit-logo-spectrum-mobile" viewBox="0 0 395 81.33">
    <title id="title--mit-logo-spectrum-mobile">MIT Spectrum</title>
    <path fill="currentColor" d="M28.95 38.93c6.86 1.24 11.94 3.29 11.94 8.82 0 6.95-7.22 9-12.92 9-7.66 0-14.25-2.85-15.68-12.29H0c1.16 13.9 11.67 22.45 27.52 22.45 13.01 0 26.19-6.5 26.19-19.77S42.13 29.59 31.62 27.72l-8.46-1.52c-5.17-.98-9-3.47-9-8.02 0-5.79 6.59-8.02 12.47-8.02s12.65 2.49 13.63 10.07h12.3C51.93 7.84 40.53 0 27.17 0 15.23 0 1.43 5.7 1.43 18.71c0 11.22 8.82 16.66 19.33 18.71l8.19 1.52zm54.52 18.53c-6.77 0-11.22-5.88-11.22-15.68s4.45-15.59 11.22-15.59 10.69 6.32 10.69 15.68-4.01 15.59-10.69 15.59M72.69 81.34V59.69c3.03 5.26 8.73 7.22 13.72 7.22 11.76 0 20.67-9.8 20.67-25.12S98.44 16.76 86.5 16.76c-6.06 0-11.22 2.76-13.81 7.22v-6.15H60.4v63.52h12.29zm61.96-14.43c13.27 0 19.78-7.93 22.36-15.05h-12.65c-1.9 3.6-5.73 5.76-9.8 5.52-6.86 0-11.58-5.08-11.76-12.2h34.74c.53-16.92-8.2-28.42-23.25-28.42s-23.78 10.6-23.78 24.85 8.46 25.3 24.14 25.3m-.62-41.15c5.43 0 10.78 2.85 11.05 10.96H122.9c.71-7.3 6.15-10.96 11.14-10.96m50.73-9c-14.61 0-23.78 10.51-23.78 25.12s8.64 25.03 23.25 25.03c10.15 0 19.6-4.36 22.45-17.46h-11.76c-1.6 5.79-5.61 7.93-10.07 7.93-7.04 0-11.31-5.61-11.31-15.68s4.54-15.41 11.22-15.41a9.787 9.787 0 0 1 9.71 7.93h11.76c-1.6-11.94-11.22-17.46-21.47-17.46m29.63 1.07h-6.77v8.46h6.77v26.54c0 9.53 2.14 12.92 13.09 12.92h9v-8.82h-3.74c-4.37 0-6.06-.98-6.06-5.88V26.29h9.98v-8.46h-9.98V4.81H214.4v13.01zm54.83.27c-.8-.09-1.87-.18-2.67-.18-5.52 0-9.89 2.41-12.65 8.28v-8.37H241.8v47.92h12.29V40.63c0-9 4.01-11.22 10.07-11.22 1.7 0 3.39.09 5.08.27V18.1zm33.85 47.65h12.29V17.82h-12.29v24.94c0 7.57-1.87 14.25-9.98 14.25-6.95 0-7.84-5.17-7.84-11.58V17.82h-12.29v30.29c0 11.76 4.63 18.8 16.12 18.8 5.88 0 11.22-2.67 13.98-7.48v6.32zm80.03-27.88v27.88h12.29v-30.2c0-11.31-4.19-18.8-16.21-18.8-7.21 0-12.03 2.49-15.77 7.84-1.87-3.47-5.43-7.84-13.63-7.84-5.79 0-10.69 2.67-13.36 7.39v-6.32h-12.29v47.93h12.29V40.81c0-7.3 1.34-14.16 9.53-14.16 7.21 0 7.66 5.97 7.66 11.22v27.88h12.29V40.81c0-7.3 1.34-14.16 9.53-14.16 7.21 0 7.66 5.97 7.66 11.22"/>
  </symbol>

  <!-- ===================== SOCIAL ICONS ===================== -->

  <symbol id="icon-facebook" aria-labelledby="title--icon-facebook" viewBox="0 0 32 32">
    <title id="title--icon-facebook">Facebook</title>
    <path fill="currentColor" d="m21.95 5.005-3.306-.004c-3.206 0-5.277 2.124-5.277 5.415v2.495H10.05v4.515h3.317l-.004 9.575h4.641l.004-9.575h3.806l-.003-4.514h-3.803v-2.117c0-1.018.241-1.533 1.566-1.533l2.366-.001.01-4.256z"/>
  </symbol>

  <symbol id="icon-linkedin" aria-labelledby="title--icon-linkedin" viewBox="0 0 268 267">
    <title id="title--icon-linkedin">LinkedIn</title>
    <path fill="currentColor" d="m26.9 7.6c-10.3 0-19 8.1-19 18.1v215.6c0 10 5.7 18.1 16 18.1h214.7c10.3 0 21.2-8.1 21.2-18.1v-215.6c0-10-8-18.1-18.2-18.1zm35 31.4c12.4 0 22.5 10.1 22.5 22.5s-10.1 22.5-22.5 22.5-22.5-10-22.5-22.5 10-22.5 22.5-22.5zm115.6 63c36.2 0 46.3 19.2 46.3 54.9v66.6h-36v-60c0-16-6.4-29.9-21.3-29.9-18.1 0-26.7 12.2-26.7 32.4v57.6h-36v-120.1h33.9v17.3h.4c5.2-9.3 20.5-18.8 39.4-18.8zm-133.6 1.5h36v119.9h-36z"/>
  </symbol>

  <symbol id="icon-twitter-x" aria-labelledby="title--icon-twitter-x" viewBox="0 0 300 300.3">
    <title id="title--icon-twitter-x">X</title>
    <path fill="currentColor" d="m178.6 127.2 111.7-127.2h-26.5l-100 112.4-77.5-110.4-86.3-2 117.1 166.9-117.1 133.4h26.5l102.4-116.6 81.8 116.6h89.3m-264-280.8h40.7l187.1 262.1h-40.7"/>
  </symbol>

  <!-- Legacy Twitter bird (kept for backward compat) -->
  <symbol id="icon-twitter" aria-labelledby="title--icon-twitter" viewBox="0 0 32 32">
    <title id="title--icon-twitter">Twitter</title>
    <path fill="currentColor" d="M11.919 24.94c-2.548 0-4.921-.747-6.919-2.032a9.049 9.049 0 0 0 6.681-1.867 4.512 4.512 0 0 1-4.215-3.137c.276.054.559.082.848.082.412 0 .812-.056 1.193-.156a4.519 4.519 0 0 1-3.622-4.425v-.059a4.478 4.478 0 0 0 2.042.564 4.507 4.507 0 0 1-2.008-3.758c0-.824.225-1.602.612-2.268a12.811 12.811 0 0 0 9.303 4.715 4.517 4.517 0 0 1 7.692-4.115 9.107 9.107 0 0 0 2.866-1.094 4.542 4.542 0 0 1-1.983 2.498 9.08 9.08 0 0 0 2.592-.71 9.283 9.283 0 0 1-2.252 2.337c.008.193.014.388.014.583-.001 5.962-4.542 12.843-12.844 12.842"/>
  </symbol>

  <symbol id="icon-youtube" aria-labelledby="title--icon-youtube" viewBox="0 0 32 32">
    <title id="title--icon-youtube">YouTube</title>
    <path fill="currentColor" d="M24.325 8.309s-2.655-.334-8.357-.334c-5.517 0-8.294.334-8.294.334A2.675 2.675 0 0 0 5 10.984v10.034a2.675 2.675 0 0 0 2.674 2.676s2.582.332 8.294.332c5.709 0 8.357-.332 8.357-.332A2.673 2.673 0 0 0 27 21.018V10.982a2.673 2.673 0 0 0-2.675-2.673zM13.061 19.975V12.03L20.195 16l-7.134 3.975z"/>
  </symbol>

  <symbol id="icon-vimeo" aria-labelledby="title--icon-vimeo" viewBox="-271 290.1 256 220.9">
    <title id="title--icon-vimeo">Vimeo</title>
    <path fill="currentColor" d="M-15.1 341.2c-1.1 24.9-18.5 58.9-52.2 102.1-34.8 45.2-64.3 67.7-88.4 67.7-14.9 0-27.5-13.7-37.8-41.3-6.9-25.3-13.8-50.5-20.7-75.7-7.7-27.6-15.9-41.3-24.7-41.3-1.9 0-8.6 4-20.1 12.1l-12-15.5c12.6-11.1 25-22.2 37.3-33.2 16.8-14.6 29.4-22.2 37.9-23 19.9-1.9 32.1 11.7 36.7 40.7 4.9 31.4 8.4 50.9 10.3 58.5 5.7 26 12 39 18.9 39 5.3 0 13.4-8.4 24.1-25.2 10.7-16.8 16.4-29.6 17.2-38.5 1.5-14.5-4.2-21.8-17.2-21.8-6.1 0-12.4 1.3-18.9 4 12.6-40.9 36.7-60.8 72.3-59.7 26.5.9 38.9 17.9 37.3 51.1z"/>
  </symbol>

  <!-- ===================== UI ICONS ===================== -->

  <symbol id="icon-contact" aria-labelledby="title--icon-contact" viewBox="0 0 32 32">
    <title id="title--icon-contact">Contact</title>
    <path fill="currentColor" d="M28 3.75H4A3.254 3.254 0 0 0 .75 7v18A3.254 3.254 0 0 0 4 28.25h24A3.252 3.252 0 0 0 31.25 25V7A3.254 3.254 0 0 0 28 3.75zM4 6.25h24a.737.737 0 0 1 .549.248l.001.001L16 15.463 3.45 6.499a.737.737 0 0 1 .549-.249zm24 19.5H4a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75V9.429l12.023 8.588c.031.018.069.037.108.054l.008.003c.031.018.068.037.107.054l.008.003c.145.07.315.113.494.118h.004c.181-.005.351-.048.503-.121l-.008.003c.046-.02.084-.039.12-.06l-.006.003c.047-.02.085-.04.121-.061l-.006.003 12.023-8.588v15.571a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75z"/>
  </symbol>

  <symbol id="icon-rss" aria-labelledby="title--icon-rss" viewBox="0 0 310 310">
    <title id="title--icon-rss">RSS</title>
    <path fill="currentColor" d="M90.244 264.828C90.244 240.11 70.139 220 45.427 220 20.712 220 .605 240.11.605 264.828c0 24.714 20.107 44.82 44.822 44.82 24.712 0 44.817-20.106 44.817-44.82z"/>
    <path fill="currentColor" d="M5.648 169.43c35.961 0 69.782 14.066 95.231 39.605 25.45 25.583 39.467 59.648 39.467 95.92a5 5 0 0 0 5 5h57.486a5 5 0 0 0 5-5c0-111.952-90.699-203.031-202.185-203.031a5 5 0 0 0-5 5v57.505a5.002 5.002 0 0 0 5.001 5.001z"/>
    <path fill="currentColor" d="M5.726 0a5 5 0 0 0-5 5v57.495a5 5 0 0 0 5 5c130.24 0 236.199 106.544 236.199 237.505a5 5 0 0 0 5 5h57.471a5 5 0 0 0 5-5c0-168.178-136.226-305-303.67-305z"/>
  </symbol>

  <symbol id="icon-readmore" aria-labelledby="title--icon-readmore" viewBox="0 0 60.7 36.6">
    <title id="title--icon-readmore">Read More</title>
    <path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8 10.4h15.3L16.7 27.9l4.1 4.1 17.5-17.5v15.3H44V4.6H18.8v5.8z"/>
    <path fill="currentColor" d="M5.4 0c-7.2 11.1-7.2 25.5 0 36.6l4.7-2.7c-6.3-9.5-6.3-21.8 0-31.2L5.4 0zm49.9 0-4.7 2.7c3.1 4.6 4.7 10.1 4.7 15.6 0 5.6-1.6 11-4.7 15.6l4.7 2.7c3.5-5.5 5.4-11.8 5.4-18.3S58.8 5.5 55.3 0"/>
  </symbol>

  <!-- Nav arrows — color via CSS `color` property on the parent svg -->
  <symbol id="icon-nav__arrow-previous" aria-labelledby="title--icon-nav__arrow-previous" viewBox="0 0 21.06 36.47">
    <title id="title--icon-nav__arrow-previous">Previous</title>
    <path fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="4" d="M19.65 35.06 2.83 18.24 19.65 1.41"/>
  </symbol>

  <symbol id="icon-nav__arrow-next" aria-labelledby="title--icon-nav__arrow-next" viewBox="0 0 21.065 36.473">
    <title id="title--icon-nav__arrow-next">Next</title>
    <path fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="4" d="m1.415 1.414 16.822 16.822L1.415 35.058"/>
  </symbol>

  <!-- ===================== UI / CTA ICONS ===================== -->

  <!-- Floating CTA dismiss button — stroke inherits via currentColor -->
  <symbol id="icon-close" aria-labelledby="title--icon-close" viewBox="0 0 12 12">
    <title id="title--icon-close">Close</title>
    <path fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.75" stroke-linecap="round" d="M1 1l10 10M11 1L1 11"/>
  </symbol>

  <!-- Floating CTA confirmation indicator -->
  <symbol id="icon-checkmark-circle" aria-labelledby="title--icon-checkmark-circle" viewBox="0 0 36 36">
    <title id="title--icon-checkmark-circle">Confirmed</title>
    <circle cx="18" cy="18" r="17" fill="none" stroke="var(--cta-circle-stroke, #FF1423)" stroke-width="2"/>
    <path fill="none" stroke="white" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" d="M26.4965 12.5L15.2482 23.7482L10.5 19"/>
  </symbol>

  <!-- Down arrow used in fundraising CTA -->
  <symbol id="icon-arrow-down" aria-labelledby="title--icon-arrow-down" viewBox="0 0 22 22">
    <title id="title--icon-arrow-down">Scroll down</title>
    <path fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" d="m11 0v20"/>
    <path fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" d="m21 10-10 10-10-10"/>
  </symbol>

  <!-- White variants kept for carousel callers that don't set an explicit color -->
  <symbol id="icon-nav__arrow-previous-white" aria-labelledby="title--icon-nav__arrow-previous-white" viewBox="0 0 21.06 36.47">
    <title id="title--icon-nav__arrow-previous-white">Previous</title>
    <path fill="none" stroke-width="4" d="M19.65 35.06 2.83 18.24 19.65 1.41" style="stroke:#fff"/>
  </symbol>

  <symbol id="icon-nav__arrow-next-white" aria-labelledby="title--icon-nav__arrow-next-white" viewBox="0 0 21.065 36.473">
    <title id="title--icon-nav__arrow-next-white">Next</title>
    <path fill="none" stroke-width="4" d="m1.415 1.414 16.822 16.822L1.415 35.058" style="stroke:#fff"/>
  </symbol>

  <symbol id="icon-slice" aria-labelledby="title--icon-slice" viewBox="20 -20 1000 1000">
    <title id="title--icon-slice">Slice</title>
    <path fill="currentColor" d="M308,1026.8c-218,0-436,0-654,0c0-376.5,0-753.1,0-1129.5c218,0,436,0,654,0c-1.5,1.2-2.8,2.5-4.3,3.7c-49.4,39.6-93,85.1-130.1,136.3c-84.2,116.1-130,246-137.7,389.1c-2.5,47-0.3,94,6.7,140.7c10.7,70.6,30.9,138.3,61.6,202.8c33.1,69.8,76.1,132.6,129.3,188.6C256.8,982.9,281.8,1005.5,308,1026.8z"/>
  </symbol>

  <symbol id="icon-give-now-arrow" aria-labelledby="title--icon-give-now-arrow" viewBox="0 0 50 100">
    <title id="title--icon-give-now-arrow">Arrow</title>
    <polyline fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2.6833" stroke-miterlimit="10" points="5.2,43.5 23.8,24.4 5.2,5.4"/>
  </symbol>

</svg>

    
<!-- priority sections -->
<!-- priority sections end-->


<div class="page-header tag-page ">
    <span>results for </span> ( Alumni/ae )
</div>

<div class="result-items " data-total="7" data-total-max="16"
    role="group">


        <a box-num="0" class="result-item normal" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/economists-robert-hall-phd-67-and-michael-woodford-phd-83-share-nobel-prize/"
        role="button">
        <div class="content" style=" background-position:center center;        background-image: url(https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/MIT_Nobel-Economics-01_0.jpg);" title="Economists Robert Hall PhD ’67 and Michael Woodford PhD ’83 Share Nobel Prize">
            <div class="overlay"></div>
            <span class="caption">                 <span class="no-video "></span>
                Economists Robert Hall PhD ’67 and Michael Woodford PhD ’83 Share Nobel Prize            </span>
        </div>
    </a>
        <a box-num="1" class="result-item normal" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/spectrum/issues/fall-2019/inspired-by-architecture-faculty"
        role="button">
        <div class="content" style=" background-position:center center;        background-image: url(https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/inspired-by-architecture-faculty_01.jpg);" title="Inspired by Architecture Faculty">
            <div class="overlay"></div>
            <span class="caption">                 <div class="pre-title">
                    Spectrum Magazine                </div>
                                <span class="no-video "></span>
                Inspired by Architecture Faculty            </span>
        </div>
    </a>
        <a box-num="2" class="result-item normal" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/spectrum/issues/winter-2018/fundraising-update-mit-campaign-for-a-better-world"
        role="button">
        <div class="content" style=" background-position:center center;        background-image: url(https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Fundraising-Update-MIT-campaign-for-a-better-world_01.jpg);" title="Fundraising Update: MIT Campaign for a Better World">
            <div class="overlay"></div>
            <span class="caption">                 <div class="pre-title">
                    Spectrum Magazine                </div>
                                <span class="no-video "></span>
                Fundraising Update: MIT Campaign for a Better World            </span>
        </div>
    </a>
        <a box-num="3" class="result-item normal" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/spectrum/issues/fall-2017/a-community-of-trust"
        role="button">
        <div class="content" style=" background-position:center center;        background-image: url(https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/a-community-of-trust-01.jpg);" title="A Community of Trust">
            <div class="overlay"></div>
            <span class="caption">                 <div class="pre-title">
                    Spectrum Magazine                </div>
                                <span class="no-video "></span>
                A Community of Trust            </span>
        </div>
    </a>
        <a box-num="4" class="result-item normal clearRow" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/spectrum/issues/fall-2017/fully-immersed"
        role="button">
        <div class="content" style=" background-position:center center;        background-image: url(https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/fully-immersed-01-scaled-e1690992369691.jpg);" title="Fully Immersed">
            <div class="overlay"></div>
            <span class="caption">                 <div class="pre-title">
                    Spectrum Magazine                </div>
                                <span class="no-video "></span>
                Fully Immersed            </span>
        </div>
    </a>
        <a box-num="5" class="result-item normal" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/spectrum/issues/fall-2017/investing-in-the-greater-good"
        role="button">
        <div class="content" style=" background-position:center center;        background-image: url(https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/investing-in-the-greater-good-01-scaled.jpg);" title="Investing in the Greater Good">
            <div class="overlay"></div>
            <span class="caption">                 <div class="pre-title">
                    Spectrum Magazine                </div>
                                <span class="no-video "></span>
                Investing in the Greater Good            </span>
        </div>
    </a>
        <a box-num="6" class="result-item normal" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/spectrum/issues/fall-2017/a-call-to-action"
        role="button">
        <div class="content" style=" background-position:center center;        background-image: url(https://mit-rd-betterworld.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/a-call-to-action-01.jpg);" title="A Call to Action">
            <div class="overlay"></div>
            <span class="caption">                 <div class="pre-title">
                    Spectrum Magazine                </div>
                                <span class="no-video "></span>
                A Call to Action            </span>
        </div>
    </a>
                <a class="result-item load-more">
        <div class="content ">
            <span class="icon"></span>
            <span class="caption">Load more</span>
        </div>
    </a>

    </div>
<div class="clearfix"></div>

<section class="story-footer nav-dark">
    <div class="container-fluid ">

        <div class="row">
            <div class="col-md-1"></div>
            <div class="col-md-10">
                <hr>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="row explore-topics">
            <div class="col-md-2"></div>
            <div class="col-md-8">
                <p class="story-footer-header">
                    Explore Topics
                </p>

                                                <a role="button" class="btn btn-gray-light-wire" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/tag/alumni-ae/"
                    title="Alumni/ae">Alumni/ae</a>
                <!--  -->
                                                <a role="button" class="btn btn-gray-light-wire" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/tag/economics/"
                    title="Economics">Economics</a>
                <!--  -->
                                                <a role="button" class="btn btn-gray-light-wire" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/tag/school-of-humanities-arts-social-sciences/"
                    title="School of Humanities Arts and Social Sciences">School of Humanities Arts and Social Sciences</a>
                <!--  -->
                                                <a role="button" class="btn btn-gray-light-wire" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/tag/giving/"
                    title="Giving">Giving</a>
                <!--  -->
                                                <a role="button" class="btn btn-gray-light-wire" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/tag/school-of-architecture-and-planning/"
                    title="School of Architecture and Planning">School of Architecture and Planning</a>
                <!--  -->
                                                <a role="button" class="btn btn-gray-light-wire" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/tag/mit-core/"
                    title="MIT Core">MIT Core</a>
                <!--  -->
                                                <a role="button" class="btn btn-gray-light-wire" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/tag/students-faculty-researchers/"
                    title="Students Faculty Researchers">Students Faculty Researchers</a>
                <!--  -->
                                                <a role="button" class="btn btn-gray-light-wire" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/tag/teaching-learning-and-living/"
                    title="Teaching Learning and Living">Teaching Learning and Living</a>
                <!--  -->
                                                <a role="button" class="btn btn-gray-light-wire" href="https://betterworld.mit.edu/tag/whole-student-experience/"
                    title="Whole Student Experience">Whole Student Experience</a>
                <!--  -->
                            </div>

        </div>


        <div class="row">
            <div class="col-md-1"></div>
            <div class="col-md-10">
                <hr>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

    </section>
<br>

<input type="hidden" name="relatedTags" id="relatedTags" value="     " />


<script type="text/javascript">
window.result_max_pages = 3;
window.result_page = 1;
window.page_type = 'Topic Page';
window.page_tag_name = 'Alumni/ae';
</script>
<hr class="print-only">
<footer class="nav-dark">
        <div class="join-us">
        <div class="container-fluid">
            <div class="row">
                <div class="col-md-6 globe"></div>
                <div class="col-md-5">
                    <h2>
                                                Your support helps make a better world.<br><br>
                        <a class="btn btn--black" href="https://giving.mit.edu/form/?source=WBBW&utm_source=bw-give-button&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=better-world-website&utm_content=footer#/" target="_blank">Make Your Gift</a>
                                            </h2>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
        <div class="mega-footer">
        <div class="container-fluid">
            <div class="row">
                <div class="col-md-1 hidden-sm hidden-xs"></div>
                <div class="col-md-2 col-sm-3 hidden-xs ">
                    <a class="mit-logo-link" href="https://mit.edu" target="_blank">
                        <svg aria-hidden="true" class="spectrum-mit-footer-logo" style="width:150px;height:50px;">
                            <use xlink:href="#logo-mit"></use>
                        </svg>
                    </a>
                </div>
                <div class="col-md-3 col-sm-3">
                    <nav>
                        <a href="/">Home</a>
                        <a href="/campaign-priorities/">Priorities</a>
                        <a href="/schools-and-units/">Schools</a>
                        <a href="https://spectrum.mit.edu/" target="_blank">MIT Spectrum</a>
                        <a href="/support/">Support</a>
                    </nav>

                </div>
                <div class="col-md-3 col-sm-3">
                    <div class="more-info">
                        <h4>Contact Us</h4>
                        <div class="contact-us-label">
                        </div>
                        <a class="contact-us-email" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#ef8d8a9b9b8a9d98809d838baf82869bc18a8b9a"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="274542535342555048554b43674a4e5309424352">[email&#160;protected]</span></a>
                        <a href="tel:+16173249228" class="contact-us-phone" aria-label="telephone number">+1 617 324
                            9228</a>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="col-md-3 col-sm-3">
                    <div class="more-info">
                        <h4>Learn More</h4>
                        <nav>
                            <a target="_blank" href="https://giving.mit.edu/ways/?utm_source=bw-footer&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=better-world-website&utm_content=footer-link">Ways to Give</a>
                            <a target="_blank" href="https://alum.mit.edu/about/privacy-statement">Privacy Statement</a>
                            <a target="_blank" href="https://accessibility.mit.edu/">Accessibility</a>

                        </nav>

                        <div>
                            <ul class="social-footer">
                                <li><a class="svg-linkedin icon" role="button" title="LinkedIn"
                                        href="//www.linkedin.com/company/mitspectrum/" target="_blank"><span
                                            class="icon-linkedin">LinkedIn</span></a></li>

                                <li><a class="svg-facebook icon" role="button" title="Facebook"
                                        href="//www.facebook.com/Spectrum.MIT" target="_blank"><span
                                            class="icon-facebook">Facebook</span></a></li>

                                <li><a class="svg-twitter-x icon" role="button" title="X" aria-label="Share on X"
                                        href="//twitter.com/MIT_Spectrum" target="_blank"><span
                                            class="icon-twitter-x">X</span></a></li>

                                <li><a class="svg-youtube icon" role="button" title="YouTube"
                                        href="//www.youtube.com/channel/UCxX4WRen2idglKsv8Rgy-xg" target="_blank"><span
                                            class="icon-youtube">YouTube</span></a></li>
                            </ul>
                        </div>

                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

    <p class="print-only">
        <strong>Thank you for helping MIT make a better world.</strong><br />
        <a href="https://betterworld.mit.edu">betterworld.mit.edu</a>
    </p>

    <a class="footer-logo mit-logo-mobile visible-xs" href="#"><img
            src="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/img/logo-mit-footer.png" alt="MIT Logo" width="150"
            height="auto" /></a>
    </div>

</footer>


<div id="fullScreenVideoOverlay" class="hidden">
    <video oncontextmenu="return false;" controls id="fullScreenVideoOverlayVideo" controls></video>
    <iframe src="" frameborder="0" webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen height="100%" width="100%"
        class="hide" id="fullScreenVideoEmbed"></iframe>
    <button id="fullScreenVideoOverlayButtonClose" class="btn btn-white-wire">Close</button>
</div>


<!-- Qualtrics Survey Link Script -->
<script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script>
var surveyBaseURL = "https://mit.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_emJDlq3OCfECTAi";
var referrer = encodeURIComponent(window.location.href);
document.getElementById("surveyLink").href = surveyBaseURL + "?referrer=" + referrer;
</script>


<script type="text/javascript" src="https://betterworld.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/wp-campaign-theme/assets/js/app.js"></script>
<!--<script type="text/javascript" src="//s7.addthis.com/js/300/addthis_widget.js#pubid=ra-56c37cec668a0599"></script>-->

<script>
//prod
(function(i, s, o, g, r, a, m) {
    i['GoogleAnalyticsObject'] = r;
    i[r] = i[r] || function() {
        (i[r].q = i[r].q || []).push(arguments)
    }, i[r].l = 1 * new Date();
    a = s.createElement(o),
        m = s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];
    a.async = 1;
    a.src = g;
    m.parentNode.insertBefore(a, m)
})(window, document, 'script', 'https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js', 'ga');

ga('create', 'UA-76635636-1', 'auto');

//MIT site-wide Google Analytics
ga('create', 'UA-1592615-30', {
    'name': 'mitsitewide'
});
ga('mitsitewide.send', 'pageview');

ga('send', 'event', 'Tag', 'Pageview', 'Making', {
              nonInteraction: true
          });
      ga('send', 'event', 'Tag', 'Pageview', 'Reinventing Education', {
              nonInteraction: true
          });
      ga('send', 'event', 'Tag', 'Pageview', 'School of Engineering', {
              nonInteraction: true
          });
      ga('send', 'event', 'Tag', 'Pageview', 'Student Life', {
              nonInteraction: true
          });
      </script>

<!-- Google tag (gtag.js) From Ben 2023-->
<script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-7BDMB2M9LT"></script>
<script>
window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];

function gtag() {
    dataLayer.push(arguments);
}
gtag('js', new Date());

gtag('config', 'G-7BDMB2M9LT');
</script>

<!-- Google Tag Manager -->
<script>
(function(w, d, s, l, i) {
    w[l] = w[l] || [];
    w[l].push({
        'gtm.start':

            new Date().getTime(),
        event: 'gtm.js'
    });
    var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],

        j = d.createElement(s),
        dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : '';
    j.async = true;
    j.src =

        'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl;
    f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f);

    /* {
        color: red
    } */
})(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-PMM8MD7');
</script>

<!-- End Google Tag Manager -->


<!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->

<noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-PMM8MD7" height="0" width="0"
        style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>

<!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->

<style>
.btn--black {
    display: inline-block;
    *display: inline;
    zoom: 1;
    line-height: normal;
    white-space: nowrap;
    vertical-align: baseline;
    text-align: center;
    cursor: pointer;
    -webkit-user-drag: none;
    -webkit-user-select: none;
    -moz-user-select: none;
    -ms-user-select: none;
    user-select: none;
    *font-size: 90%;
    font-family: 'Roboto Mono', monospace;
    *overflow: visible;
    padding: 6px 12px;
    color: #fff;
    color: white;
    *color: #fff;
    border: 2px solid #000;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    background-color: #000;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-radius: 40px;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -webkit-transition: 0.1s linear -webkit-box-shadow;
    -moz-transition: 0.1s linear -moz-box-shadow;
    -ms-transition: 0.1s linear box-shadow;
    -o-transition: 0.1s linear box-shadow;
    transition: 0.1s linear box-shadow;
}

.btn--black::-moz-focus-inner {
    padding: 0;
    border: 0;
}

.btn--black:hover,
.btn--black:focus {
    color: gray;
    filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr=#80000000, endColorstr=#80000000, GradientType=0);
    background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0 0, 0 100%, from(transparent), color-stop(40%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)));
    background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(transparent, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 40%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5));
    background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5));
    background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(transparent, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 40%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5));
    background-image: -o-linear-gradient(transparent, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 40%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5));
    background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 40%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5));
}

.btn--black:focus {
    outline: 0;
}

.btn--black:visited {
    background: transparent;
}

.btn--black:visited {
    color: #fff;
    background: #000;
}

.btn--black:hover {
    background: #fff;
    color: #000;
}

.btn--black:focus {
    background: #000;
    color: #fff;
}

.btn--black:active {
    color: #fff;
    background: #000;
}
</style>


</body>

</html>